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A&P Midterm II
Ch. 20
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the two most important functions of the lymphatic system? | Maintain fluid balance in the internal environment and promote body's immunity |
| What is the lymphatic system? | Specialized component of the circulatory system |
| What is the lymphatic system made up of? | It is made up of lymph, lymphatic vessels, and isolated structures containing lymphoid tissue: lymph nodes, aggregated lymphoid nodules, tonsils, thymus, spleen, and bone marrow |
| What does the lymphatic system transport? | tissue, fluid, proteins and fats |
| What is lymphatic fluid? | Clear, watery-appearing fluid found in the lymphatic vessels; Closely resembles blood plasma in composition but has a lower percentage of protein; isotonic |
| What is interstitial fluid? | Complex, organized fluid that fills the spaces between the cells and is part of the ECM |
| Lymphatic vessels are similar to veins except...? | lymphatic vessels have thinner walls, have more valves, and contain lymph nodes |
| What absorbs fats and other nutrients from the small intestine? | Lacteals |
| What is the movement (flow) of lymph called? | lymphokinesis |
| What establishes a fluid pressure gradient (same as with venous blood)? | Breathing movement and skeletal muscle contraction |
| What is the action of lymophkinesis? | activites that result in a central flow of lymph |
| What are lymph nodes? | bean-shaped structures enclosed by a fibrous capsule |
| What are the locations of clinically important groups of lymph nodes? | submental and submaxillary groups, and superficial cervical, superficial cubital, axillary, iliac, and inguinal lymph nodes |
| What are the two distinct functions lymph nodes perform? | Filtration and Phagocytosis |
| How do the lymph nodes perform filtration? | Mechanical filtration physically stops particles from progressing further in the body. Biological filtration is when biological activity of cells destroys and removes particles |
| How do lymph nodes perform phagocytosis? | reticuloendothelial cells remove microorganisms and other injurious particles from lymph and phagocytose them |
| What is Hematopoiesis? | lymphoid tissue is site for final stages of maturation of some lymphocytes and monocytes |
| What percentage of lymph from the breast enter lymph node of the axillary region? | more than 85% |
| Where are the palantine tonsils located? | on each side of the throat? |
| Where are the pharyngeal tonsils located? | near posterior openings of nasal cavity, when enlarged are called "adenoids" |
| Where are lingual tonsils located? | near the base of the tongue |
| What is the primary central organ of the lymphatic system? | Thymus |
| How can medullary tissue be identified? | By the presence of thymic corpuscles |
| Shortly after birth, thymus secretes ___ which enable lymphocytes to develop into ___. | thymosin; T cells |
| What is the location of the spleen? | in left hypochondrium, directly below diaphragm, above left kidney and descending colon, and behind fundus of stomach |
| What are 4 functions of the spleen? | Defense, Hematopoiesis, red blood cell and platelet destruction, and blood reservoir |
| How does spleen play a role in defense? | macrophages lining sinusoids of spleen remove microorganisms from blood and phagocytose them |
| How does the spleen play a role in hematopoiesis? | monocytesandlymphocytescomplete their development in the spleen |
| How does the spleen play a role in Red blood cell and platelet destruction? | macrophages remove worn-out RBCs and imperfect platelets and destroy them by phagocytosis; also salvage iron and globin from destroyed RBCs |
| How does spleen store blood? | pulp of spleen and its sinuses store blood |
Created by:
courtney.marie23
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