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Anatomy QIV:PV
The Endocrine System
Question | Answer |
---|---|
the study of hormones and endocrine glands | endocrinology |
circulate throughout the body in blood vessels, influence specific target cells | hormones |
gland located in the hypophyseal fossa of the sphenoid bone, "master of the endocrine system" (two names) | pituitary gland, hypophysis |
gland which secretes growth hormone | pituitary gland |
butterfly-shaped gland located in the anterior neck on the trachea, inferior to the larynx | thyroid gland |
secretes a hormone which increases metabolism | thyroid |
a hormone which depresses excess levels of calcium ion in the blood, name and where is it produced? | calcitonin, thyroid |
small glands which lie on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland | parathyroid glands |
hormones which increase the blood concentration of calcium ion, name and where is it produced? | parathyroid hormoe, parathyroid glands |
paired, pyramid or crescent-shaped glands sitting atop each kidney | adrenal glands |
adrenal gland: part of the sympathetic nervous system fight flight or fright response | internal adrenal medulla |
adrenal gland: secretes different hormones all of which are steroids | external adrenal cortex |
pine-cone shaped structure at the end of a short stalk on the roof of the diencephalon | pineal gland |
hormone which helps regulate our circadian rhythms, sleep-wake cycle, name and where is it produced? | melatonin, pineal gland |
located in the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity, tadpole shaped-contains both endocrine and exocrine cells | pancreas |
pancreas: cells secrete digestive enzymes, pancreatic juice into the duodenum | exocrine cells |
pancreas: endocrine: raises blood sugar levels | glucagon |
pancreas: endocrine: lowers blood sugar levels | insulin |
pancreas: endocrine: controls glucagon and insulin release | somatostatin |
pancreas: endocrine: controls exocrine activity of the pancreas | F (PP) cells |
located in the lower neck and anterior thorax | thymus gland |
hormone which controls the maturation of T cells (two), names and where are they produced? | thymopoietin and thymosin, thymus gland |
main source of male sex hormone | testes |
main source of female sex hormone | ovaries |