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The study of body structures
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Describes the body's large parts such as muscles and bones
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Lab intro to human 2
Exercise 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The study of body structures | anatomy |
| Describes the body's large parts such as muscles and bones | gross anatomy |
| The study of microscopic structures | microanatomy |
| The study of cells | cytology |
| The study of tissues | histology |
| Groups of cells coordinating their effort toward a common function | tissue |
| The study of how the body functions and of the work cells must do to keep the bosy stable and operating efficiently | physiology |
| homeo | unchanging |
| statis | standing |
| The maintenance of a relatively steady internal enviroment through physiological work | homeostatis |
| Various studies of the body in the fields of specialization in anatomy and physiology | levels of organization |
| Atoms such as carbon and hydrogen bond together and form molecules | molecular level |
| Molecules are organized into cellular structures called | organelles |
| In this position, the individual is standing erect with the feet pointed forward, the eys straight ahead, and the palms of the hands facing forward with the upper limbs at the sides | anatomical position |
| Lying on the back | supine |
| Lying face down | prone |
| above | superior |
| below | inferior |
| in front of or forward | anterior |
| in back of or toward the back | posterior |
| head or toward head region | cranial\cephalic |
| toward tail\coccyx | caudal |
| back | dorsal |
| belly (front) | ventral |
| toward midline | medial |
| away from midline | lateral |
| nearer | proximal |
| farther away | distal |
| close to the surface | superficial |
| farther away from the surface | deep |
| forehead (frontal) | frons |
| nose (nasal) | nasus |
| eye (orbital or ocular) | auris |
| cheeck (buccal) | bucca |
| neck (cervical) | cervicis |
| thorax, chest (thoracic) | thoracis |
| breast (mammary) | mamma |
| abdominal | abdomen |
| navel (umbilical) | umbilicus |
| pelvic | pelvis |
| hand (manual) | manus |
| groin (inguinal) | inguen |
| pubic | pubis |
| thigh (femoral) | femur |
| foot (pedal) | pes |
| great toe | hallux |
| toes (digital or phalangeal) | digits or phalanges |
| ankle (tarsal) | tarsus |
| leg (crural) | crus |
| kneecap (patellar) | patella |
| fingers (digital or phalangeal | digits or phalanges |
| thumb | pollex |
| palm (palmar) | palma |
| wrist (carpal) | carpus |
| forearm (antebrachial) | antebrachium |
| front of elbow | antecubitis |
| arm (brachial) | brachium |
| armpit (axillary) | axilla |
| chin (mental) | mentis |
| mouth (oral) | oris |
| head (chepalic) | chephalon |
| what is the trunk? | thoracis, mamma,abdomen,umbilicus, pelvis |
| what is the cephalon | cranium, facies |
| skull (cranial) | cranium |
| face (facial) | facies |
| acromial | acromion |
| back (dorsal) | dorsum |
| back of elbow (olecranal) | olecranon |
| loin (lumbar) | lumbus |
| buttock (gluteal) | gluteus |
| back of knee (popliteal) | poplitues |
| calf (sural) | sura |
| heel of foot (calcaneal) | calcaneus |
| sole of foot (plantar) | planta |
| what major regions of the upper limb? | acromion, dorsum, olecranon, lumbus |
| what major regions of the lower limb? | glutues, popliteus, sura, calcaneus, planta |
| __________ sections are perpendicular to the vertical orientation of the body | transverse |
| transverse sections are also called | cross sections |
| _________ sections are parallel to the _______ axis of the body and include sagittal and frontal section | vertical |
| ____________ vertical section divides a body or organ into the right and left portions | sagittal |
| ________ vertical section equally divides structures | midsagittal |
| __________ vertical section produces nearly equal divisions | parasagittal |
| _______ vertical section seperates anterior and posterior structures | frontal, coronal |
| _________ us the space within the oval cranium of the skull that encases and protects the delicate brain | cranial cavity |
| ___________is a long, slender canal that passes through the vertebral column that encases the spinal cord | spinal cavity |
| the brain and spinal cord are contained within the _______, a protective three layer membrane | meninges |
| _________ also called the ______is the entire space of the body trunk anterior to the vertebral column and posterior to the sternum (breastbone) and the abdominal muscle wall | ventral body cavity, coelom |
| Walls made of muscle and bone...contains heart, lungs, trachea, larynx, esophagus, thymus gland, many large blood vessels | thoracic cavity |
| Contains the lungs | Pleural cavities |
| Portion of the thoracic cavity that contains the heart, its large vessels, thymus, trachea, and esophagus | mediastinum |
| contains the heart | Pericardial cavity |
| At the top is separated by the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm The floor of the pelvis makes up the bottom of this cavity | abdominopelvic cavity |
| Most of the digestive organs | abdominal |
| Internal reproductive organs, rectum, bladder, parts of the large intestine | pelvic |
| Attached to the organ | Visceral layer |
| Lines wall of cavity the organ is in Superficial to the visceral layer | Parietal layer |
| Between the layers Lubricant Reduces friction between the layers as the organ moves | serous fluid |
| Attached to surface of the heart Pericardial cavity Space between these 2 layers | Visceral pericardium |
| Attached to diaphragm and supportive tissues of the thoracic cavity | Parietal pericardium |
| Space between these 2 layers | Pericardial cavity |
| Attaches to the surface of the lung | Visceral pleura |
| Lines the thoracic wall | Parietal pleura |
| Lines organ surfaces | Visceral peritoneum |
| Has many folds that wrap around and attach abdominal organs to posterior abdominal wall | Parietal peritoneum |
| Located outside the peritoneum | Kidneys are called retroperitoneal |
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