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A&Pchapter1
Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | the study of the structure and shape of the body and body parts and their relationships to one another |
| Physiology | the study of how the body and its parts work or function |
| Homeostasis | the bodies ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world is continuously changing |
| Negative Feedback | when the net force of the response to the stimulus is to shut off the original stimulus or reduce its intensity |
| Positive Feedback | mechanisms control infrequent events that occur explosively and do not require continuous adjustments |
| Anatomical Position | the standard position of the body |
| Anterior | the front side of the body |
| Posterior | the back side of the body |
| Ventral Body Cavity | all the structures within the chest and abdomen |
| Dorsal Body Cavity | the cranial and spinal cavity |
| Superior | toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body, above |
| Inferior | away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body, below |
| Cranial | toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body, above (for the head) |
| Caudal | away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body, below (for the head) |
| Superficial (external) | toward or at the body surface |
| Deep (internal) | away from the body surface, more internal |
| Medial | toward or at the midline of the body, on the inner side of |
| Lateral | away from the midline of the body, on the outer side of |
| Proximal | close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk (only for limbs) |
| Distal | farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk (only for limbs) |
| Transverse Plane/Section | a cut made along a horizontal plane, dividing the body or organ into superior and inferior parts |
| Frontal Plane/Section | a cut made along a lengthwise plane that divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior parts |
| Sagittal Section | a cut made along the lengthwise, or longitudinal, plane of the body, dividing the body into right and left parts |
| Midsagittal (Median) Section | a cut made down the median plane of the body and the right and left parts are equal in size |
| Mediastinum | central region that separates the lungs into right and left cavities in the thoracic cavity |
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