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Anatomy.Chapter.13
Spinal Cord
Answer | Question |
---|---|
Spinal Reflexes | Rapid, automatic nerve responses triggered by specific stimuli. Controlled by spinal cord alone. |
31 | Number of spinal cord segments |
Ventral Root | Contains axons of motor neurons |
Dorsal Root | contains axons of sensory neurons |
Roots | Two branches of spinal nerves |
Dorsal root ganglia | contain cell bodies of sensory neurons |
Spinal nerve | each side of spine. Dorsal and ventral roots join to form this. |
Mixed nerves | carry both afferent and efferent fibers |
afferent | sensory fibers |
efferent | motor fibers |
Protect spinal cord, carry blood supply | functions of the spinal meninges |
Spinal meninges | specialized membranes that isolate spinal cord from surroundings |
Dura, Arahnoid, and Pia Mater | The three meningeal layers |
Dura Mater | Tough and fibrous, cranially fuses with periosteum of occipital bone |
Epidural Space | between spinal dura mater and walls of vertebral canal. Contains loose connective and adipose tissue. |
Arachnoid Mater | middle meningeal layer |
arachnoid membrane | covers arachnoid mater |
subdural space | between arachnoid mater and dura mater |
subarachnoid space | between arachnoid mater and pia mater. filled with cerebrospinal fluid |
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) | carries dissolved gases, nutrients, and wastes |
pia mater | innermost meningeal layer. bound to underlying neural tissue |
denticulate ligaments | stabilize side to side movement |
white matter | superficial matter that contains myelinated and unmyelinated axons |
gray matter | surrounds central canal of spinal cord |
gray matter | contains neuron cell bodies, neuroglia, and unmyelinated axons |
gray horns | projections of gray matter |
gray commissures | axons that cross from one side of the cord to the other before reaching gray matter |
nuclei | the functional groups that the cell bodies of neurons form |
sensory | dorsal nuclei that connect to peripheral receptors |
motor | ventral nuceli that connects to peripheral effectors |
three connective tissue layers of spinal nerves | epineurium, perineurium, and endoneurium |