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Histology Part 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Three basic types of muscle | skeletal, smooth, cardiac |
| The meat or flesh of the body attached to the skeleton | Skeletal muscle |
| Long, cylindrical, and multinucleated cells with striations present | skeletal muscle |
| Location: Attached to bones, tongue, and facial muscles | skeletal muscle |
| Function: body movement, maintain posture, breathing, speaking, controlling waste elimination, and protection | skeletal muscle |
| Function: propel substances along passageway, blood flow, air flow, creates goose bumps, controls pupil size | smooth muscle |
| Location: Many viscera, Iris, uterus, blood vessels, respiratory tubes, attached to hair follicles | smooth muscle |
| Involuntary Muscles | Smooth muscle and Cardiac muscle |
| Voluntary muscles | skeletal muscles |
| Spindle-shaped with central nuclei that are arranged closely to form sheets. No striations present | Smooth muscle |
| Cells branch and are uninucleated that fit together at junctions called intercalated discs with faint striations present | cardiac muscle |
| Location: Heart | cardiac muscle |
| Function: to pump blood | cardiac muscle |
| Two types of cells that make up nervous tissue | neurons and neuroglia |
| Excitable cells because they exhibit signals called action potentials | neurons |
| Supportive and protective; cannot conduct nerve impulses | neuroglia |
| Location: brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves | nervous tissue |
| Function: transmit electrical signals from sensory effectors to acceptors | nervous tissue |
| Main components of integumentary system | skin and accessory organs |
| Hair, nails, sweat glands, salivary glands | accessory organs |
| Provides protective covering for deeper tissues, aid in regulating body temperature, retard water loss, house sensory receptors, synthesize various chemicals, and excrete small quantities of wastes | integumentary system |
| Function: serves as a cushion, protection, and insulation | integumentary system |
| 2 distinct regions of the skin | epidermis and dermis |
| Superficial and consists of stratified squamous epithelium | epidermis |
| Deep and consist of connective tissue | dermis |
| Not part of the skin, deep to dermis, and consist of adipose tissue | hypodermis |
| Location: areolar and dense irregular | hypodermis |
| Function: cushion and insulation | hypodermis |
| Avascular and contain 4 or 5 layers | epidermis |
| 5 layers of epidermis | stratum basale, startum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum |
| Single row that are mitotic | stratum basale |
| Several layers thick – mitotic but not at the rate of basale | stratum spinosum |
| Thin layer in upper border where cells begin to die | stratum granulosum |
| Clear, thin translucent- only found in thick skin | stratum lucidum |
| 20 – 30 layers deep, horny layer, dead skin layer | stratum corneum |
| Most abundant cell in the epidermis and they produce keratin | keratinocytes |
| Function: gives epidermis durability and protective capability | keratinocytes |
| Spidery black cell, secrete black/brown pigment called melanin | melanocytes |
| Function: protects nuclei of cell from UV rays | melanocytes |
| dense irregular CT; consisting of two principal regions: papillary dermis and reticular dermis | dermis |
| Superficial and composed of areolar CT | papillary dermis |
| Deep and composed of dense irregular CT | reticular dermis |
| Where you’ll find sensory receptors, veins, arteries, sweat and oil glands and pressure receptors | dermis |
| Hornlike projectors | nails |
| Inside root, outside shaft | hair |
| Small band of smooth muscle cells which connect each cell to papillary layer | arrector pili |
| Oil glands- found everywhere except palms and soles; empty into hair follicles; acts as lubricant | sebacceuous glands |
| Two types of sweat glands | eccrine/merocine and apocrine |
| Produce clear perspiration | Eccrine/ merocrine |
| Found in armpit and genital area; secrete milky protein and fat rich substances | apocrine |
Created by:
Lisa Hall
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