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What is the daily output of the human heart ?
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What is the mass of the heart?
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Cardiovascular2 MIT
| QUESTION | ANSWER |
|---|---|
| What is the daily output of the human heart ? | 7000 L |
| What is the mass of the heart? | 300g |
| What percentage of the 5L of blood is in the pulmonary circuit? | 9% |
| What percentage of the 5L of blood will be in the systemic circuit? | 84% |
| What is the peak pressure in the Right Atrium? | 2-5mmHg |
| What is the peak pressure in the Right Ventricle? | 5-25mmHg |
| What is the peak pressure in the Left Atrium? | 5-8mmHg |
| What is the peak pressure in the Left Ventricle? | 8-120mmHg |
| What is the function of the auricle? | Increases volume in the atrium |
| Which of the capillary systems in the systemic circuit has portal veins? | Gut -> Liver has Hepatic Portal veins |
| The Auricle has a smooth interior. True or false? | False, it is the Atria that are smooth |
| In the anterior view, which is more posterior? The pulmonary trunk or the aorta | Aorta |
| What is the largest vein in the body | Vena Cava |
| What is the largest artery in the body | Aorta |
| Wall thickness ratio in the ventricles | 3:1 |
| Peak pressure ratio in the ventricles | 5:1 |
| What closes the Ventricular outlet valves? | The pressure of blood trying to reenter the ventricle. |
| In what anatomical position is the apex of the heart? | Inferior and anteriorally to the left |
| 2/3 of the heart is on the left/right side | Left |
| What forms the right border of the heart? | Right ATRIUM |
| What forms the inferior border of the heart? | Right ventricle |
| What forms the left border of the heart? | Left Ventricle |
| What is the pericardium | A "Double walled bag" |
| What does the parietal pericardium line? | fibrous pericardium |
| What are the walls of the pericardium comprised of? | Squamous mesothelial cells |
| What is inside the pericardial space and what is its purpose? | A thin film of fluid in the pericardium space allows the visceral and parietal pericardium to slide without friction as the heart beats |
| Infarction | Death of tissue (lack of oxygen) |
| Both Myocytes and Purkinje fibres contract. True or False? | False. Only Myocytes contract. Purkinjke fibres are part of the conduction system of the heart. |
| Why is there only a small rise in atrial pressure? | 1) Atrial muscle layer is thin 2) There are no valves where the pulmonary vein enter so there is nothing to prevent backflow |
| Tunica interna has 3 layers | Endothelium, Basement membrane, Internal elastic lamina |
| What is the name of the muscular layer in a blood vessel containing smooth muscle and elastic fibres? | Tunica Media |
| What is the role of smooth muscle fibres in the tunica media? | To regulate the size of the lumen |
| What 2 layers does an Artery have that is not present in the vein? | Internal and External elastic Lamina |
| Vasospasm | Limits blood flow and thus reduces blood loss when the vessel is damaged. |
| Elastic Arteries primary function | Propel blood onward while the ventricles are relaxing. This is done using the elastic recoil. They smooth the pulsatile flow of blood leaving the ventricles. |
| In Muscular arteries, smooth muscle is approximately __/__ of the total mass, making the walls very ______ | 3/4 of the total mass Thick |
| Muscular arteries have as many as ___ layers of smoothmuscle compared to smaller arteries who have less than 3 | 40 |
| Which of the arteries are good at directing blood flow? | Muscular arteries |
| Arteriole primary function is? | The control of blood flow into capillary beds |
| Which of the vessels have the largest tunica media relative to their size? | Arterioles |
| Capillary function | Thin walls (Single layer of epithelium) which enable exchange of gases, nutrients and wastes.Leaky. |
| What is NOT present in capillaries? | Smooth muscle and connective tissue |
| White blood cells are not really 'blood cells'. What kind of cells are they? | Connective tissue cells |
| Venule function | Low pressure vessels that drain capillary beds. |
| Veins function | Low pressure vessels that drain blood back into atria. Compliant and can act as a reservoir which stores blood. (64% blood volume are in veins and venules) Contain valves |
| Varicose veins | Lack of valve function resulting in pooling of blood. |
| Where do coronary arteries arise? | From the aorta, downstream from the aortic valve. |
| Ischemia | Lack of oxygen |
| Angina | Chest pain |
| Anastomoses | Artery to artery junctions |
| Dilated cardiomyopathy is caused by? | Infected muscle fibres (from alcohol or viral infection) that are attacked by lymphocytes which are then left weak and slow to contract |
| Which of the ventricles is most affected by dilated cardiomyopathy? | Left ventricle due to high pressure |
| Mitral regurgitation causes what to happen in the pulmonary capillaries? | Increase in blood leakage into the lungs (from 10->25) |
| Elastic artery distinctive | Very Large Many sheets of elastin |
| Muscular Artery distinction | Distribute blood at High Pressure (medium in lungs) Controls Rate of blood flow by changing RADIUS MANY layers of smooth muscle (40) |
| Arteriole distinction | Thick Tunica Media relative to size Degree of constriction here determines MAP 1-3 layers of smooth muscle |
| Capillary distinction | Thinnest walls (only one layer of endothelium) Slowest blood movement to allow for exchange to occur No smooth muscle or connective tissues |
| Venule Distinction | Site where Neutrophils and other white blood cells leave the blood to attack bacteria in tissues Only Endothelium and some connective tissue Larger ones have one layer of smooth muscle |
| Vein distinction | Thin walled (but similar to muscular artery) Compliant, can act as reservoirs (64%) Only vessel with valves |
| Coronary arteries distinction | Muscular arteries |
Created by:
amal099
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