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Urinary System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Kidney functions | FILTER blood & remove wastes, Regulate blood VOLUME Secrete renin- regulating PRESSURE, Regulate OSMOLARITY of the body fluids, Stimulate RBC production (via EPO), Regulate ACID-BASE balance |
| Nitrogenous wastes | AMMONIA (from protein catabolism, very toxic), UREA formation (Ammonia converted to urea in liver, less toxic), URIC ACID (product of nucleic acid catabolism), CREATINE (product of creatine phosphate catabolism) |
| Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) | expression of the level of nitrogenous waste in the blood |
| 4 body systems carrying out excretion | respiratory (CO2), integumentary (sweating), digestive, URINARY (many metabolic wastes, toxins, drugs, hormones, salts, H+ and water) |
| nephron | = series of tubes that take filtration product of blood --> urine; filtration @ glomerulus; fluid runs through tubules fluid; 2 capillary beds (afferent arteriole-> GLOMERULUS; efferent arteriole leaving glomerolus -> PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES ->venule |
| renal corpuscle contains.... | glomerulus, glomerulus (Bowman's) capsule; |
| renal tubule.... | fluid flows through tubule system; PROXIMAL convoluted tubule: PCT (closest to glomerulus), NEPHRON LOOP (loop of Henle: descending & ascending limb), DISTAL convoluted tubule, COLLECTING DUCT |
| urine production steps | 1. FILTRATION @ glomerulus 2. TUBULE system (PCT --> DCT) reabsorption (removal of something from FILTRATE --> BLOOD, saves from being urine), secretion (add from blood to urine) 3. water conservation |
| Renal Corpuscle: Anatomy | At glomerulus, blood FILTERED; Filtrate passes through the ‘filtration membrane’ 1. Fenestrated capillary (porous) 2. Basement membrane (extracellular matrix) 3. Filtration slits of podocytes (capsules wrapping around capillaries of glomerulus, FEET) |
| Renal corpuscle: Blood hydrostatic pressure (BHP) | pressure within the capillary; force that fluid exerts on capillary walls; MAJOR driving force of pressure--> compete against COP & CP |
| Colloid osmotic pressure (COP) | Pressure due to high osmolarity of blood; colloids= proteins: too big to pass through filtration membrane; |
| capsullar pressure | The pressure within the glomerular capsule; small pressure |
| Why is Net Filtration Pressure (NFP) important? | The greater the NFP, the MORE FILTRATE is produced; Rate of flow affects efficiency of tubular REABSORPTION and SECRETION |
| Regulation of Glomerular Filtration | 1. Renal autoregulation 2. Sympathetic control 3. Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone mechanism |
| Glomerular filtration rate too high.... | not enough REABSORPTION bc flows by too fast --> doesn't reclaim enough glucose |
| Renal autoregulation: myogenic mechanism | 1. myogenic mechanism (related to muscle): afferent arteriole STRETCHED when blood pressure HIGH --> arteriole CONSTRICTS to LOWER pressure & GFR; helps maintain constant Net Filtration Pressure |
Created by:
kpan
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