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Origin of CN V nuclei
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Two emerging roots of CNV
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Eckel CNV & VII
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Origin of CN V nuclei | Nuclei are located in the pons and they emerge from the pons LATERALLY |
| Two emerging roots of CNV | 1.Sensory: (Big) Major sensory nerve of the face. 2.Motor: (Small) innervates the muscles of mastication, anterior digastric, mylohyoid, tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani |
| Three division of CN V | 1. Opthalmic (Exits thru Sup. Orbital Fissure). 2.Maxillary (Exits thru foramen rotundum). 3.Mandibular (Exits thru foramen ovale). |
| Where is the Trigeminal ganglion located | Both Motor and sensory roots form the ganglia in the Middle cranial fossa. This is also the exit sites for V1, V2, V3 from the ganglia. **it is equivalent to the posterior root ganglia |
| Branches of the Opthalmic division: Frontal N | forms in the orbit, is the most superior branch of V1. Splits into Supra-orbital(L) and Supratemporal(M) nerves which exit the orbit superiorly and are the lateral and medial cutaneous nerves for the scalp |
| Branches of the Opthalmic division: Lacrimal N | Smallest of the branches. Runs superolaterally through the orbit. Recieves secretomotor fibers from zygomaticotemporal N which act on the lacrimal gland. It is sensory for the area of skin of lateral superior eyelid. |
| Branches of the Opthalmic division: Nasociliary N | Deep in the orbit. Gives rise to: 1.Infratrochlear: passes infeior to trochlea on medial wall to innervate skin lateral to root of nose/ medial eyelids. 2.External Nasal: Emerges from nasal cavity to innervate the dorsum,ala,vestibule, apex of nose |
| Branches of the Maxillary division: Zygomatic N | formed in the ptergyopalatine fossa. Forms: 1.Zygomaticofacial: goes thru zyg.fac. canal to inferiolat orbit to innv. the cheek. 2.Zyo.temporal: passes thru the zygo.temp. canal in temp bone to temporal fossa. Innv. hairless skin of ant. temp. fossa. |
| Zygomaticotemporal also give off a branch to: | the lacrimal N. it is a secretomotor communicating branch. |
| Branches of the Maxillary division: Superior Alveolar N | Gives off a Ant, middle, and post superior alveolar branch that for the root of the upper teeth as well as innervates the palate. |
| Branches of the Maxillary division: Infra-orbital N | Exits via infraorbital foramen. Forms: 1.Inferior palpebral: skin/conjunctiva of inferior eyelid. 2.Lateral Nasal: lateral nose/anteroinferior nasal septum. 3.Superior Labial: Skin and mucosa of upper lip |
| 4 major nerve branches of Maxillary N (V2) | 1.Infra-orbital N. 2.Zygomatic N. 3.Superior Alveolar N. 4.Palatine N (Greater and lesser) |
| Mandibular Division (V3) | Contains BOTH sensory and motor fibers. Innervates: 1.Muscles of mastication. 2.Tensor tympani. 3.Tensor veli palatini. 4.Anterior Digastric. 5.Mylohyoid. 6. Skin over chin, lower lip, mandible, and ear. |
| Major Branches of Mandibular N (V3) | 1.Auriculotemporal N. 2.Inferior Alveolar N. 3.N. to Mylohyoid. 4.Lingual. (GSA of tongue) 5.Buccal. |
| Buccal N (Mandibular Branch) | Originates in the infratemporal fossa and pass b/w the lateral pterygoids, emerging anteriorly from the ramus of the mandible and masseter. It connects with the Buccal branch of the facial N. **Cutaneous nerve for skin and oral mucosa of cheek |
| Auriculotemporal N (Mandibular Branch) | Originates in the infratemporal fossa and passes posteriorly deep to ramus of mandible, superior to parotid gland. Emerges posterior to TMJ. Cutaneous nerve for auricle/Ant ear and posterior 2/3 of temporal region. |
| Inferior Alveolar N (Mandibular Branch) | Enters the Mandible via the Mandibular foramen. serves as the roots of inferior teeth (dentists numb this nerve). Forms the Mental N when it exits the mental foramen (Cutaneous N for chin and lower lip). |
| Parasympathetics associated with CN V | All the ANS parasymp. ride along with the divisions of CN V. 4 ganglia: ciliary, otic, submandibular, and pterygopalatine |
| Lesions of CN V | loss of light touch, pain, and heat sensation. Paralysis of muscles of mastication (**chin will point to side of lesion). Loss of afferent limb of corneal reflex (both eyes blink). |
| Trigeminal Neuralgia | Disorder in sensory root of CN V. sudden attacks of excruciating facial pain lasting up to 15 min. V2 is the most commonly affected CN V branch. **May be cause by compression from aberrant BL vessels |
| Locatoin of CN VII's nucleus | Located in the Pons and emerges between the pons and brainstem. |
| Geniculate ganglion | Ganglion of CN VII Facial N where the motor and sensory roots merge. **Equivalent to the posterior root ganglion. |
| CN VII Motor fiber innervate? | Major part of CN VII. Innervate: 1.Muscles of Facial expression. 2.Posterior Digastric. 3.Stapedius (ear). 4.Stylohoid (pharynx). |
| Pathway of CN VII to exit the skull | Internal auditory meatus -> Facial canal (within the temporal bone) -> geniculate ganglion -> Stylomastoid foramen |
| CN VII gives rise to ? in within the facial canal | 1.Greater Petrosal N. 2.Chondra tympani N. 3.N. to Stapedius M. |
| Chondra Tympani N. | branches from CN VII within the facial canal. jumps on the lingual N to the tongue. Sensory taste (SA) for anterior 2/3 of tongue, submandibular gland, sublingual gland (**since the lingual N passes just superior to them) |
| Parasympathetics involved in Chondra Tympani N. | Carries Pre (GVE) and postgang.(GVA) parasymp fibers to submandibular glad. Also carries Postgang. (GVA) parasymp. fibers to sublingual gland. |
| Greater Petrosal N. | Carries preganglionic (GVE) parasymp. fibers to pterygopalatine ganglion. |
| Postganglionic parasympathetic targets of Pterygopalatine ganglion | After recieving pregang. fibers from the Greater petrosal N, it targets: 1.lacrimal gland. 2.mucous glands of palate. 3.mucous glands of maxillary. 4.mucous glands of sinus. 5.mucous glands of nasal cavity. |
| branch of the Facial N (CN VII) that comes after immediately after the stylomastoid foramen? | Posterior Auricular N. (Cutaneous to parietal region). |
| Branches of CN VII that exit from the Parotid gland | 1.Temporal. 2.Zygomatic. 3.Buccal. 4.Mandibular. 5.Cervical. |
| Does CN VII innervate the parotid gland? | NOOOO, glossopharyngeal (IX) |
| Bell's Palsy | most common cause of a lesion near the stylomastoid foramen causing paralysis of the facial expression muscles on THAT side. Can also see decreased glandular secretions. **Loss of EFFERENT limb of the corneal reflex. |
| Testing the Corneal Reflex: If One eye doesn't blink? | There is a problem with the Motor reflex arm (Facial N). Confirm by then testing Orbicularis Oculi. If they cant blink one eye at a time, then there is a lesion on the Facial N. |
| Testing the Corneal Reflex: If neither eye blinks? | There is a lesion on the Trigeminal N. and the sensory arm of the reflex is damaged. |
Created by:
WeeG
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