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Deep face/pharynx
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Lateral Pterygoid M | O: 1.Infratemporal space, 2.Lateral surface of lateral pterygoid. Ins: Mandibular condyle and TMJ. Innv: Lateral Pterygoid N (V3). Action: Protracts mandible, depresses chin. |
| Medial Pterygoid M | O: 1.Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate, 2.Maxillary tuberosity. Ins: Medial ramus of mandible. Inv: Medial pterygoid N (V3). A: Acts with masseter to elevate the mandible. |
| Inferior Alveolar N | Branch off the Mandibular branch (V3) in the infratemporal fossa. Descends to enter mandibular foramen where it travels through the mandible and exits mental foramen as the mental N. Innv the teeth, and skin and mucosa of chin and lower lip. |
| Inferior Alveolar A | Branches off the Maxillary A in the infratemporal fossa. It descends to enter the ramus of the mandible. Supplies the Mandible |
| Lingual Nerve | branches off the mandibular Branch (V3) in the infratemporal fossa. Lies just anterior to the Inferior Alveolar nerve. It enters the mouth between the medial pterygoid muscles and the ramus of the mandible. Provides GSA to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue. |
| Middle Meningeal A. | Branches off the maxillary A in the infratemporal fossa. Passes deep to the lateral pterygoid to enter the cranium through the foramen spinosum. **Responsible for epidural hematomas |
| Sphenopalatine A | Branch of the maxillary A arising in the pterygomaxillary fissure. It travels through the pterygopalatine fossa and foramen to enter the nasal cavity. Supplies the nasal cavity. |
| Chondra tympani N | Branch of CN VII branching off before it exites the stylomastoid foramen. It joins the lingual N in the infratemporal fossa and provides taste SA for the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and as well as secretomotor fibers to submandibular/lingual glands. |
| Auricotemporal N | Encircles the middle meningeal A. Passes posteriorly, medial to neck of mandible. Ascends up to provide GSA to auricle and temporal region. **It conveys postsynp. parasymp. secretomotor fibers from the otic ganglion to the parotid gland. |
| Temporomandibular Joint | Hinge synovial joint. Boney articulations: Mandibular fossa and the articular tubercle of the temporal bone. |
| Articular Disc of TMJ | Fibrocartilage that seperates the mandibular fossa (on head of mandible) and the articular tubercle of the temporal bone. Attached to the interal aspect of capsule. |
| Lingual N | branches off the mandibular Branch (V3) in the infratemporal fossa. Lies just anterior to the Inferior Alveolar nerve. It enters the mouth between the medial pterygoid muscles and the ramus of the mandible. Provides GSA to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue. |
| Branch of CN VII branching off before it exites the stylomastoid foramen. It joins the lingual N in the infratemporal fossa and provides taste SA for the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and as well as secretomotor fibers to submandibular/lingual glands. | |
| Auricotemporal N | Encircles the middle meningeal A. Passes posteriorly, medial to neck of mandible. Ascends up to provide GSA to auricle and temporal region. **It conveys postsynp. parasymp. secretomotor fibers from the otic ganglion to the parotid gland. |
| Temporomandibular Joint | Hinge synovial joint. Boney articulations: Mandibular fossa and the articular tubercle of the temporal bone. |
| Lingual N | branches off the mandibular Branch (V3) in the infratemporal fossa. Lies just anterior to the Inferior Alveolar nerve. It enters the mouth between the medial pterygoid muscles and the ramus of the mandible. Provides GSA to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue. |
| Chondra tympani N | Branch of CN VII branching off before it exites the stylomastoid foramen. It joins the lingual N in the infratemporal fossa and provides taste SA for the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and as well as secretomotor fibers to submandibular/lingual glands. |
| Palatoglossus M | O: Palatine aponeurosis. I: Side of the tounge. I: CN X. A: Elevates posterior tongue towards soft palate. |
| Auricotemporal N | Encircles the middle meningeal A. Passes posteriorly, medial to neck of mandible. Ascends up to provide GSA to auricle and temporal region. **It conveys postsynp. parasymp. secretomotor fibers from the otic ganglion to the parotid gland. |
| Stylohyoid M | O: styloid process. I: hyoid bone. I: CN VII. A: elevates and retracts the hyoid. |
| Temporomandibular Joint | Hinge synovial joint. Boney articulations: Mandibular fossa and the articular tubercle of the temporal bone. |
| Digastric M: posterior belly | O: Mastoid notch of temporal bone. I: Intermediate tendon of greater hyoid horn. I: |
| Articular Disc of TMJ | Fibrocartilage that seperates the mandibular fossa (on head of mandible) and the articular tubercle of the temporal bone. Attached to the interal aspect of capsule. |
| O: Hard palate, palatine aponeurosis. I: Lateral wall of pharynx. I: CN X. A: Tenses soft palate, pulls pharynx sup/ant/med during swallowing. | |
| Palatoglossus M | O: Palatine aponeurosis. I: Side of the tounge. I: CN X. A: Elevates posterior tongue towards soft palate. |
| Stylohyoid M | O: styloid process. I: hyoid bone. I: CN VII. A: elevates and retracts the hyoid. |
| Salpingopharyngeal fold | Vertical fold of mucous membrane just inferoir to opening of the Eustachian tube. It covers the salpingopharyngeus M. |
| Tubal tonsils | Collection of intraepithelial lymphoid tissue in the submucosa of the pharynx near the opening of the Eustachian tube. |
| Oropharynx | bounded by: 1. Superiorly: Soft palate. 2. Inferiorly: tongue. 3. laterally: palatoglossal & palatopharyngeal arches. **Extends all the way down to the superior epiglottis |
| Palatine tonsil | Infraepithelial lymphoid tissue on each side of the oropharynx between the palatine arches. |
| Palatoglossal Arch | contains the palatoglossus M. On both sides of oropharynx, Anterior to palatine tonsil and palatopharyngeal Arch. |
| Palatopharyngeal Arch | Contains the palatopharyngeal M. On both sides of oropharynx posterior to palatine tonsil and palatoglossal arch. |
| Superior Pharyngeal constrictor M | O: Pterygoid hamulus, pterygomandibular raphe, side of tongue. I: Pharyngeal tubercle of occipital bone. I: CN X. A: constricts walls of pharynx during swallowing. |
| Middle Pharyngeal constricor M | O: Stylohyoid ligament, hyoid horns. I: Pharyngeal raphe. I: CN X. A: consrticts wall of pharynx during swallowing. |
| Inferior Pharyngeal constrictor M | O: Thyroid cartilage, side of cricoid cart. I: Surround pharyngeoesophageal junction (NO RAPHE). I: CN X. A: constricts walls of pharynx during swallowing. |
| Stylopharyngeus M | O: Styloid process of temporal bone. I: Posterior/superior thyroid cartilage. I: CN IX. A: Elevates the pharynx and larynx during swallowing. |
| Salpingopharyngeus M | O: Cartilagenous part of Eustachian tube. I: Blends with palatopharyngeus. I: CN X. A: elevates pharynx and larynx during swallowing |
| Nasopharynx | Begins posterior to the conchae. ends at the soft palate where the oropharynx starts. **Contains pharyngeal (adnoid) tonsil and orifice for eustachian tubes. |
| Orifice to Eustachian Tubes | Visible in the nasopharynx by the torus tubarius (outlining cartilagenous ring which continues into salpingopharyngeal fold). Just inferior is the tubal tonsil |
| Uvula | functions to aid in closing off the nasopharynx and the soft palate. |
| Glossopharyngeal N | CN IX. Originates in the medulla. Has Sensory ganglia (Sup&Inf Petrosal) and ANS ganglia (otic). It exits the skull via the jugular foramen. Sensory taste SA to posterior 1/3 of tongue. Also secretomotor to the parotid gland. Motor to stylopharyngeus |
| Vagus N | CN X. Originates from the posterolateral sulcus of the medulla. Provides motor innveration Innervates most of pharynx (soft palate minus TVP and walls) and larynx (muscles for voice and resonance). Parasymp to thoracic and abdominal cavity. |
| Cervical portion of the sympathetic trunk | Anterolateral to the vertebral column from C1 down. |
| Inferior Cervical Ganglia | Anterolateral to the vertebral column from C1 down. |
| Middle cervical ganglia | Smallest of the 3. lies on the anterior aspect of the inferior thyroid A at C6 transverse processes and cricoid cartilage. |
| Superior Cervical Ganglia | Often fused with thoracic ganglia. Star shaped ganglion lies anterior to transverse process of C7 just superior to neck of first rib. |
Created by:
WeeG
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