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Presynaptic Sympathetic fibers to the Head and neck come from
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Presynaptic sympathetic axon pathways to get up to the neck
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Nemitz-Head ANS

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Presynaptic Sympathetic fibers to the Head and neck come from IML T1-T5
Presynaptic sympathetic axon pathways to get up to the neck IML, Anterior root, white rami communicans, paravertebral sympathetic chain, move upwards into cervical region.
Superior Cervical ganglia is made up of what The sympathetic ganglia from C1-4 all grouped together. This is the largest ganglia, does the head.
How do postsynaptic sympathetic axons travel to their target organ? On Blood vessels such as Periarterial plexus (carotids). Also use CN V
End organs of the Superior Cervical ganglia 1.Dilator pupillae M (dilates pupil, CN V). 2.Superior Tarsal M (elevates eyelid, CN V). 3.Blood vessels (Vasoconstriction). 4.Sweat glands (diaphoresis).
Horner's Syndrome Produced by a lesion anywhere in the sympathetic pathway to the head. Symptoms will be ipsilateral of the lesion and reverse the normal sympathetic effects.
Pathways of Postsynpatic Cervical sympathetic Ganglia axons After synapsing, they leave the sympathetic chain via GREY RAMI communicanas onto spinal nerves. Actions: Blood vessel constriction, Diaphoresis.
Presynaptic neurons of the Parasympathetics for the head and neck Cells are in the Brainstem. Axons travel to target ganglia on CN
Pathway of Ciliary ganglia parasympathetics Brainstem > Presynp axons: CN III > Postsynp nucleus: Ciliary Ganglion > Postsynp axons: CN V1 (short ciliary N)
Targets of Ciliary parasympathetic ganglia 1.Sphincter Pupallae M (constricts the pupil). 2.Ciliary Body (Provides Accommodation)
Accomodatoin Allows the eye to quickly adjust from near to far or far to near and stay in focus. **Decreases with age.
Pathways of Pterygopalatine Ganglion parasympathetics Brainstem > Presynp axons: CN VII > Nervus intermedius > Greater Petrosal N > N to Pterygoid > Postsynp nucleus: Pterygopalatine ganglion > postsynp axons: CN V1 and V2
Targets of Pterygopalatine parasympathetic Ganglion 1.Lacrimal gland (keeps the eye moist with tears). 2.Mucous Glands/membranes in Naso/oropharynx and sinuses
Pathways of Submandibular Ganglion parasympathetics Presynp nucleus: Brainstem > presynp axons: CN VII > Nervus Intermedius > Chondra Tympani > Lingual > Postsynp nucleus: Submandibular ganglion > Postsynp axons: CN V3 (Lingual N) and blood vessels
Targets of the Submandibular parasympathetic Ganglion 1.Submandibular gland. 2.Sublingual gland.
Lesion/severed Chondra Tympani Loss of taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue and salivary gland activity
Locations of the CN VII ganglia Pterygopalatine: (Pterygopalatine fossa, just superioposterior to nasal conchae after the foramen rotundum). Submandibular: (superior to submandibular gland
Pathway of Otic ganglion parasympathetics Presynp Nucleus: Brainstem > Presynp axons: CN IX > Tympanic N > Lesser Petrosal N > Postsynp nucleus: Otic ganglion > postsynp axons: CN V3 Auriculotemporal N
Targets and location of Otic parasympathetic ganglion Located just inferior to foramen ovale. Targets: Parotid gland.
CN V branches carrying postsynp parasympathetic pterygopalatine axons 1. CN V2 (Zygomatic N to the lacrimal gland, Palatine N to palate and nosal mucous membranes). 2.CN V1 (Lacrimal N to lacrimal gland, Nasal N to the nasopharynx mucous membrane and sinuses)
Symp branches using CN V Superior cervical Ganglion/Periarterial Plexus use V1, V2, and V3 branches
Parasymp and symp acting on the Orbit Parasymp: 1.CN III/Ciliary gnaglion (constrict pupil/ ciliary body). 2.CN VII/Pterygopalatine ganglion (Lacrimal gland). Sympathetic: Superior cervical ganglion (dilate pupils, elevate eyelids, vasoconstrict).
Parasymp and symp acting on the Nasal Cavity Parasymp: CN VII/pterygopalatine ganglion (mucous membranes, mucous production). Sympathetic: Superior cervical ganglion (vasoconstriction)
Parasymp and symp acting on Parotid gland Parasymp: CN IX/otic ganglion (parotid salivation). Sympathetics: Superior cervical ganglion (Reduce secretion, vasoconstrict)
Created by: WeeG
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