Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chp. 12 Heart
Chapter 12 - The Heart
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The ______ is in the _______ cavity between the lungs in the space called the mediastinum. | heart, thoracic |
| what is the function of the hear? | to pump blood |
| the diaphragm is directly ______ the heart. | below |
| in the embryo, the heart begins to beat at __ weeks of age. | four |
| The heart is enclosed in the ________ membranes. | pericardial |
| There are three layers of pericardial membranes. What are they? | fibrous pericardium, parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium or epicardium. |
| What layer is the fibrous pericardium? | The outermost layer |
| What is the fibrous pericardium? | A loose fitting sac of strong fibrous connective tissue that extends inferiorly over the diaphragm and superiorly over the bases of the large vessels that enter and leave the heart. |
| What is another name for the visceral pericardium? | epicardium |
| Between the parietal and visceral pericardial membranes is ______ fluid. | serous |
| What is the function of serous fluid? | to prevent friction as the heart beats. |
| the _____ of the four chambers of the heart are made of cardiac muscle called the myocardium. | walls |
| How many chambers does the heart have? | four |
| endocardium is simple _________ ___________ lining the 4 chambers, valves and vessels. | squamous epithelium |
| What are the names of the upper chambers of the heart? | the right and left atria |
| what is the name of the wall that seperates the right and left atria? | interatrial septum |
| the lower chambers of the heart are called the right and left ________. | ventricles |
| the right and left ventricles are seperated by thick walls called the ___________ ______. | interventricular septum |
| What does the atria recieve blood from? | the body or lungs |
| the ventricles pump blood to either the _____ or the _____. | lungs or the body |
| the two large caval veins return blood from the body to the ______ ______. | right atrium |
| the superior _____ _____ carries blood from the upper body. | vena cava |
| the ________ ____ ____ carries blood from the lower body. | inferior vena cava |
| from the right atrium, blood will flow through the right atrioventricular valve or the _________ _____ into the right ventricle. | tricuspid valve |
| the triscupid valve is made of three ____ or cusps of the endocardium reinforced with connective tissue. | flaps |
| what is the general purpose of all valves in the circulatory system? | to prevent backflow of blood |
| the specific purpose of the _______ valve is to prevent backflow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium when the right ventricle __________. | tricuspid, contracts |
| as the ventricle contracts, blood is forced behind the three valve flaps, forcing them _______ and together to _____ the valve | upward, close |
| the left atrium receives blood from the lungs, by way of four _________ veins. | pulmonary |
| the left atrioventricular valve is also referred to as the _____ valve or the _________ valve. | mitral, bicuspid |
| the mitral valve prevents backflow of blood from the left _______ to the ______ atrium when the left ventricle _________. | ventricle, atrium, contracts |
| What is another function of the _____ is the production of a hormone involved in blood pressure maintenance. | atria |
| what is another name of atrial natriuretic peptide? | atrial natriuretic hormone. |
| What is the function of the atrial natriuretic hormone? | when the walls of the atria are stretched by increased blood volume or blood pressure the cells produce this hormone. |
| ANP __________ the reabsorption of sodium ions by the kidneys. | decreases |
| the loss of water lowers the blood _______ and blood ________. | volume, pressure |
| ANP is an antagonist to the hormone ___________ which _______ blood pressure. | aldosterone, raises |
| when the right ventricle contracts, the _________ valve ________ and the blood is pumped to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. | tricuspid, closes |
| another name for the pulmonary semilunar valve is what? | pulmonary valve |
| the pulmonary valve has __ (number) flaps which are forced open when the right ventricle ______ and pumps blood in to the _________ artery. | 3, contracts, pulmonary |
| when the right ventricle _______, blood tends to come back, but this fills the flaps and closes the pulmonary valve to prevent __________ of blood to the ______ ventricle. | relaxes, backflow, right |
| what are the columns called that project in to the lower part right ventricle? | papillary muscles |
| strands of fibrous connective tissue, the _______ __________, extend from the papillary muscles to the flaps of the tricuspid valve. | chordae tendonae |
| when the right ventricle contracts, the papillary muscles also contract and pull on the chordae tendonae to _______ inversion of the ________ valve. | prevent, tricuspid |
| which walls are thicker the left ventricle or the right ventricle? | the left ventricle |
| what is the purpose of the left ventricle walls being so thick? | to enable the left ventricle to contract more forcefully. |
| the left ventricle pumps blood to the body through the _____. | aorta |
| true or false: the aorta is the third largest artery in the body. | false. it is the largest artery in the body |
| where is the aortic semilunar valve? | at the junction of the aorta and the left ventricle. |
| the aortic valve is opened by the force of ___________ of the left ventricle which also closes the _______ valve. | contraction, mitral |
| the aortic valve _____ when the left ventricle _______. | closes, relaxes |
| when the mitral valve closes, is prevents backflow of blood to the ______ atrium. | left |
| the flaps of the mitral valve are also anchored by ________ _________ and papillary muscles. | chordae tendonae |
| what is the fibrous connective tissue that anchors the outer edges of the valve flaps and keeps the valve openings from stretching? | fibrous skeleton of the heart |
| the fibrous skeleton of the heart also seperates the _________of the atria from reaching the _________. | myocardium, ventricles |
| the right side of the heart recieves ____________ blood from the body and pumps it to the _______. | deoxygenated, lungs |
| the left side of the heart receives _________ blood from the lungs and pumps it to the ______. | oxygenated, body |
| both atria work _______. | simultaneously |
| at what part of the heart are the right and left coronary arteries located? | they are the first branches of the ascending aorta and just beyond the aortic semilunar valve. |
| the coronary capillaries merge to form coronary ______. | veins |
| the coronary veins empty blood into the large coronary sinus that returns blood to the ______ _______. | right atrium |
| what is the purpose of the coronary vessels? | to supply blood to the myocardium. |
| ______ is essential for normal myocardial contraction. | oxygen |
| what happens when a coronary artery becomes obstructed by a blood clot? | part of the myocardium becomes ischemic. |
| what is ischemic? | the myocardium becomes deprived of its blolod supply. |
| what is the medical term for a heart attack? | a myocardial infarction |
| what causes a myocardial infarction. | prolonged ischemia |
| the cardiac cycle is the sequence of events in ___ heartbeat. | one |
| _____ is another term for contraction. | systole |
| blood is constantly flowing from the _____ into both _____. | veins, atria |
| as blood accumulates, its pressure forces open the right and left ___ ______. | AV valves |
| two thirds of the atrial blood flows ________ into the ventricles. | passively |
| when the atria contract, it pumps the remaining blood into the ________. | ventricles |
| ventricular contraction forces blood against the _____ of the right and left AV valve and _____ them. | flap, closes |
| most blood flows passively from _____ to ______. | atria, ventricles |
| ALL blood to the arteries is ______ pumped by the ______. | actively, ventricles |
| if any of the valves do not close properly and extra sound called a _____ ______ can be heard. | heart murmur |
| What medical device do you most commonly use to listen to the heart beat? | a stethoscope |
| the cardiac cycles is a sequence of mechanical events that is regulated by the _______ activity of the ______. | electrical, myocardium |
| cardiac muscles have the ability to contract __________. | spontaneously. |
| what is stenosis? | abnormal narrowing of the valve |
| what are intercalated discs? | folds of the cell membrane. |
| where are intercalated discs? | at the ends of adjacent cardiac muscle cells |
| the presence of intercalated discs enables the ________ ________ to travel rapidly. | electrical impluse |
| the natural pacemaker of the heart is the ________ ________. | sinoatrial node or the SA node |
| what is the function of the SA node? | a specialized group of cardiac muscles located in the wall of the right atrium just below the opening of the SVA. |
| where is the atriventricular (AV) node located? | in the lower interatrial septum. |
| the transmission of _______ from the SA node to the AV node and to the rest of the atrial _________ brings about atrial ______. | impulses, myocardium, systole |
| what carries the signal from the AV node to the bundle branches? | the atrioventricular bundle |
| what is another name for the atrioventricular bundle? | the bundle of His. |
| ______ fibers brin the signal to the ventricles. | purkinje |
| what medical device is commonly used to measure the electrical activity of the heart? | the electrocardiogram (ECG) |
| what are arrythmias? | irregular heartbeats |
| _________ is uncoordinated contraction? | fibrillation |
| what is pulse? | measurement of the heart rate at a vessel |
| what is a normal pulse range for adults? | 60-80 beats per minute |
| ______ is less than 60 BPM. | bradycardia |
| tachycardia is more than ___ BPM. | 100 |
| cardiac output is the amount of blood _____ by a ventricle in 60 seconds. | pumped |
| stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped by a ventricle in __ ______. | one beaat |
| cardiac reserve is the difference between _______ output and _______ output in liters. | resting, maximum |
| the ______ has the ability to influence the rate of contraction. | central nervous system (CNS) |
| the medulla contains two cardiac centers. what are they? | the accelerator center and the inhibitory center |
| what is the accelerator center? | heart rate is carried out by the SNS |
| what is the inhibitory center? | heart rate is carried out by the PSNS |
| __________ and/or baroreceptors detect pressure in the arteries. | pressoreceptors |
| where are pressoreceptors/barroreceptors located? | located in the carotid and aortic sinuses. |
| chemoreceptors detect ______ content in the _____. | oxygen, blood |
| where are the chemoreceptors located? | located in the carotid and aortic bodies |
Created by:
long2010
Popular Anatomy sets