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Child Health Ch19.
Child Health
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| active acquired immunity | long term acquired immunity that protects the body against a new infection |
| apical pulse | heart rate as heard with a stethoscope placed on the chest wall adjacent to the cardiac apex (top of heart) |
| apnea | absence of spontaneous respiration |
| axillary temperature | body temperature as recorded by a thermometer place in the armpit. reading generally 0.5 to 1.0 degree less than the oral temp |
| congenital | present at birth |
| crackles | common abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation of the chest; bubbling noises |
| cyanosis | bluish-discoloration of the skin and mucous membrane |
| deciduous teeth | baby teeth; the first set of teeth "primary teeth" |
| dentition | eruption of teeth. 20 primary teeth erupting between the ages of 6 to 30 months |
| febrile | pertaining to or characterized by an elevated body temperature |
| friction rub | dry, grating sound heard with a stethoscope during auscultation |
| growth | increase in the whole or any of its parts physically |
| grunting | abnormal, short audible deep, hoarse sounds in exhalation that often accompany severe chest pain |
| head circumference | measurement around the greatest circumference of the head of an infant |
| hydrocephalus | pathological condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid, usually under increased pressure, within the cranial vault |
| immunity | quality of being insusceptible to or unaffected by a particular disease or condition |
| immunization | process by which resistance to an infectious disease is induced or augmented |
| infant | child who is in the earliest stage of extrauterine life; 1 month after birth to 12 or 24 months of age |
| length (recumbent) | measurement of the distance from the crwon of the infants head to the infants heel, while the infant is lying of the back |
| lumbar puncture | introduction of a hollow needle and stylet into the subarachnoid space of the lumbar portion of the spinal canal to obtain specimen of cerebrospinal fluid |
| microcephalus | congenital anomaly characterized by abnormal smallness of the head in relation to the rest of the body and underdevelopment of the brain |
| natural immunity | usually innate and permanent form of immunity to a specific disease |
| neonatologist | medical doctor who specializes in neonatology |
| neonatology | medical specialty concerned with the diseases and abnormalities of the newborn infant |
| nomogram | graphic representation, by any of various systems, of a numeric relationship |
| omphalitis | inflammation of the umbilical stump (redness, swelling, and purulent exudate in severe cases) |
| omphalocele | congenital herniation of intra-abdominal viscera through a defect in the abdomincal wall around the umbilicus |
| omphalorrhea | drainage from the umbilicus |
| oral temperature | body temperature of a normal person as recorded by a clinical thermometer placed in the mouth |
| passive acquired immunity | form of acquired immunity resulting from antibodies that are transmitted naturally through the placenta to a fetus, through the colostrum to an infant |
| pediatrician | physician hwo specialized in pediatrics |
| pediatric nurse practitioner | registered nurse with advanced study and clinical practice in pediatric nursing |
| pediatrics | pertaining to preventive and primary health care and treatment of children and the study of childhood disease |
| primary teeth | baby teeth; first set of teeth (deciduous teeth) |
| pyrexia | fever |
| rectal temperature | temperature as measured in the rectum |
| recumbent | lying down |
| stature | natural height of a person in an upright position |
| stridor | abnormal, high pitched, musical sound caused by an obstruction in the trachea or larynx |
| tympanic temperature | body temperature as measured electronically at the tympanic membrane |
| vaccine | suspension of attenuated or killed microorganisms administered intradermally, intramuscularly, orally or subcutaneously to induce active immunity to infectious disease |
| vertex | top of the head; crown |
| well child visit | routine health visit in which health professionals assess the current health status of the child, progression of growth and development and the need for immunizations. |
| chickenpox (varicella) | viral disease of sudden onset with slight fever, successive eruptions of macules, papules, and vesicles of the skin (Macules are discolorations at normal skin level, papules are raised pimplelike skin blemishes, and vesicles are blisterlike |
| diphtheria | serious infectious disease affecting the nose, pharynx, or larynx-resulting in sore throat, dysphonia, and fever |
| erythema infectiosum (5th disease) | viral disease characterized by a face that appears as "slapped cheeks" a fiery red rash on the cheeks |
| impetigo | contagious superficial skin infection characterized by serous vesicles and pustules filled with millons of staphylococcus or streptococcus bacteria, usually forming on the face |
| mumps (infectious pparotitis) | acute viral disease characterized by fever, swelling, and tenderness of one or more salivary glands |
| pertussis (whooping cough) | acute upper respiratory infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis |
| rubella (German measles; 3-day measles) | mild febrile (fever causing) infectious disease resembling both scarlet fever & measles; rash of both macules and papules that fades and disappears in 3 days |
| rubeola (red measles-7 day measles) | acute, highly communicalbe viral disease that begins as an upper respiratory disorder with fever, sore throat, cough, runny nose, sensitivty to light, and possible conjunctivitis- red blotchy rash appears four to five days after onset |
| scarlet fever (scarlatina) | acute, contagious disease characterized by sore throat, abrupt high fever, increased pulse, strawberry tongue (red & swollen) and punctiform bright red rash on the body |
| asthma | paroxysmal dyspnea, accompanied by wheezing caused by a spasm of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of the mucous membrane |
| cleft lip | congenital defect in which there is an opening between the nasal cavity and the lip-due to failure of the soft tissue and bones |
| cleft palate | failure of the hard palate to fuse-resulting in a fissure in middle of palate |
| croup | childhood disease characterized by a barking cough, stridor, and laryngeal spasm |
| cryptorchidism | condition of undescended testicle; the absence of one or both testicles |
| down syndrome | congenital condition characterized by multiple defects and varying degress of mental retardation |
| dwarfism | growth retardation of the body; congenital hypopituitarism or hypopituitarism |
| epispadias | congenital defect in which the urethra opens on the upperside of penis |
| gigantism | proportional overgrowth of the bodys tissue due to the hypersecretion of the human grwoth hormone |
| hyaline membrane disease | respiratory distress syndrome of the premature infant, hyaline membrane disease is severe impairment of the function of respiration in the premature newborn |
| hydrocele | accumulation of fluid in any saclike cavity or duct, particularly the scrotal sac or along the spermatic cord |
| hydrocephalus | abnormal increase of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain that causes the ventricles of the brain to dialate-increased head circumference in the infant with open fontanels |
| hypospadias | congenital defect in which the urethra opens on the underside of the penis instead of at the end |
| intussusception | telescoping of a portion of proximal intestine into distal intestine(usually in the ileocecal region) causing an obstruction |
| patent ductus arteriosus | abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta caused by failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close after birth |
| phimosis | tightness of the foreskin (prepuce) of the penis of the male infant that prevents it from being pulled back. May cause some difficulty with urination |
| Reye's Syndrome | marked by severe edema of the brain and increased intracranial pressure, hypoglycemia, and fatty infiltration and dysfunction of the liver |
| spina bifida occulta | congenital defect of the central nervous system in which the back portion of one or more vertebrae is not closed |
| sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) | completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently well, or virtually well, infant. "crib death" |
| Tay-Sachs disease | congenital disorder caused by altered lipid metabolism due to an enzyme deficiency |
| umbilical hernia | outward protrusion of the intestine through a weakness in the abdominal wall around the umbilicus |
| heel puncture | method of obtaining a blood sample from a newborn or premature infant by making a shallow puncture of the lateral or medial area of the plantar surface of the heel - "heel stick" |
Created by:
asmaba08
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