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I. Anat 18
Urinary System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Consists of 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, urinary bladder, urethra | Urinary system |
| Waste product of all cells (urea, creatinine, ammonia) | Urine |
| Main function of kidneys | Urine secretion |
| Kidneys regulate blood___ (by excreting of conserving water | Volume |
| Kidneys regulate____ (by excreting or conserving minerals and salts) | Electrolytes |
| Kidneys regulate ___ (by excreting or conserving ions) | pH |
| Kidneys are located ______ ______ abdominal cavity | Superior, posterior |
| Kidneys are located ___low ribs and on both sides of the_____ | under, spine |
| Kidneys are _____ (behind peritoneum) | Retroperitoneal |
| Kidneys are imbedded in ____ tissue | Adipose |
| Kidneys are covered with renal____ (holds kidneys in place) | Fascia |
| Medial indentation where structures enter and exit the kidneys | Hilus |
| Structures that enter and exit the kidneys veins, arteries, ____ | Ureters |
| Kidneys have # areas | 3 |
| The three areas of the kidneys are renal ___, ___, ___ | Cortex, medulla, pelvic |
| The outer layer o kidney renal___ | Cortex |
| Renal corpuscles and convoluted tubules of the nephrons are located in what layer | Outer/Cortex |
| Middle part of the kidneys renal ___ | Medulla |
| Renal medulla contains renal ___ | Pyramids |
| The loops of Henle and the collecting tubules of the nephron are located in what later | Middle/Medulla |
| Papilla (drains) located in | Middle/ medulla |
| Inner layer of the kidneys renal___ | Pelvis |
| Renal pelvis is a ____or__ | Cavity, space |
| Widened area of the ureter is in renal__ | Pelvis |
| Enclose the papillae of renal pyramids | Calyces |
| Functional unit of the kidney | Nephron |
| There are one million ___ in each kidney | Nephrons |
| The ____forms urine from the blood | Nephron |
| The nephron has # major parts | 2 |
| The two major parts of the nephron are renal _____ and renal___ | corpuscles, tubules |
| Capillary network that starts from an afferent arteriole | Glomerulus |
| Glomerulus starts from afferent arteriole and ends in am ____ arteriole | Efferent |
| Efferent arteriole is ___ that the afferent to ____ BP in the glomerulus | Smaller, increase |
| Bowman’s capsule aka | Glomerular capsule |
| ____ capsule surround the glomerulus | Bowman’s/glomerular |
| Inner layer of glomerular capsule is made of ____ | Podocytes |
| Podocytes cover the ____in the glomerulus | Capillaries |
| Gaps make capillaries very __ | Permeable |
| Outer layer expanded end of the renal___ | Tubules |
| There are no ___or____ in the outer layer | gaps, pores |
| The space between the two layers of the glomerular capsules contains renal___ | Filtrate |
| Renal filtrate eventually becomes ___ | urine |
| Continuation of the outer glomerular capsule | Renal tubule |
| Renal tubule has #parts | 3 |
| Loop of Henle aka | loop of the nephron |
| ____ (to glomerulus) convoluted tubule (cortex_) | proximal |
| ____ (to glomerulus) convoluted tubule (medulla) | Distal |
| Renal tubules are covered in _____capillaries which arise from efferent arterioles | peritubular |
| Distal tubules of several nephron empty into _____tubules | collecting |
| Several collecting tubules converge to form____ducy | papillary |
| Blood vessels: abdominal aorta >R&L___ aorta > branches of renal artery to very small arteries > ____arterioles >____ (glomeruli) > Efferent ___>peritubular capillaries >_____ > veins >renal ____> IVC >____ | renal, afferent, capillary, arterioles, venules, vein, heart |
| There are 2 sets of capillaries for 2 sites of ___ | Exchange |
| Urine formation involves # major processes | 3 |
| Blood pressure forces plasma, dissolved substances and small proteins out of glomeruli in to Bowman’s capsules | Glomerular filtration |
| Renal ____ contains waste products and useful non waste products | Filtration |
| The amount of urine formed in a minute is called | Glomerular filtration rate |
| GRF | Glomerular filtration rate |
| Tubular Reabsorption happens from the renal tubules to the ____capillaries | peritubular |
| 99% of filtrate is reabsorbed during what step | Tubular reabsorption |
| 65% of reabsorption takes place in the ____convoluted tubules | Proximal |
| Active transport uses __ | ATP |
| To transport useful material from the filtrate back to the blood (against concentration gradient) | Active transport |
| Passive transport does not require ____ | Energy |
| Passive transport goes with the ___ ____ | Concentration gradient |
| Water follows solutes | Osmosis |
| Active process where larger molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane of the proximal convoluted tubule | Pincytosis |
| All____should be reabsorbed | proteins |
| Proteins in urine are a sign of ___ | Kidney failure |
| Tubular secretion is active transport form the peritubular capillaries to the _____ ___ | Renal tubules |
| 3 hormones that affect water reabsorption | Aldosterone, ANP, ADH |
| Aldosterone ___reabsorption of Na and excretion of K, ____BP | Increase, decreases |
| ANP | Atrial natriuretic peptide |
| ANP___reabsorption of Na, ____BP | Increases, decreases |
| Antidiuretic hormone___ reabsorption of H2O ___BP | increases, decrease |
| ___are the main factor in blood pH | Kidneys |
| Kidneys secrete___ | Renin |
| Secretion of renin leads to release of angiotensin II and ____ | Aldosterone |
| Kidneys secrete____ | Erythropoietin |
| Erythropoietin stimulates___ production | RBC |
| Paired tubes that go from each hilus to posterioinferior urinary bladder | Ureters |
| Smooth muscles in ureters move urine | Peristalsis |
| As the bladder fills it compresses the inferior ureter to prevent__ | back flow |
| Muscular sac below the peritoneum posterior to pubic bone | Urinary bladder |
| Transitional epithelium promotes | expansion |
| Fold in the bladder when it’s empty | Rugae |
| Triangle on the floor of the bladder | Trigone |
| Trigone has no___ | Rugae |
| Sphere shaped smooth muscle layer superficial to epithelium | Detrusor |
| Involuntary fibers of detrusor | Internal urethral sphincter |
| Single tube from bladder to vagina/penis | Urethra |
| Longer in men, voluntary skeletal muscle of the pelvic floor | external urethral sphincter |
| External urethral sphincter is split into 3 parts in men | Prostate urethra, membranous urethra, cavernous urethra |
| Micturition aka (2) | Urination, voiding |
| Urination is stimulated by stretching of the _____ | Detrusor muscle |
| Decreased urination | Oliguria |
| Increased urination | Polyuria |
| Yellow byproduct of bile breakdown | Urochrome |
| Measure of dissolved materials | Specific gravity |
| Urine is ___% water | 95 |
| ___% excess salts and waste products | 5 |
| ____waste contain nitrogen | Nitrogenous |
| Formed in liver from breakdown of AA | urea |
| Form breakdown of creatine phosphate in muscles | Creatinine |
| From breakdown of nucleic acids | Uric |
| From hemoglobin of dead RBC | Urobilin |
Created by:
Sarsileigh
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