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Food provides __________ and __________ we need for our bodily functions?
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Food must be converted into usable forms by the?
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Ch. 16 Digestive
The Digestive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Food provides __________ and __________ we need for our bodily functions? | Energy and Nutrients |
| Food must be converted into usable forms by the? | Digestive System |
| What tube goes from the mouth to the anus? | Alimentary Tube |
| Digestion occurs in the? | Mouth, stomach, and small intestine |
| What are the accessory organs? | Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas. |
| The accessory organs contribute to what? | Digestion |
| What are the two types of digestion? | Mechanical and Chemical |
| Mechanical digestion is? | Physical breakdown into smaller pieces |
| Chemical digestion is? | Breaking down complex molecules into simple molecules. |
| Another name for the Oral cavity is? | Buccal or the mouth |
| What are the names of the two sets of teeth? | Deciduous and Permanent |
| Deciduous teeth are also called? | Baby teeth |
| How many total baby teeth are there? | 20 |
| At what age do the baby teeth start to erupt? | 6 months |
| All the baby teeth are usually in by what age? | 2 years |
| The permanent teeth do what? | Replace the deciduous teeth |
| There is a total of ____ permanent teeth? | 32 |
| What types of permanent teeth are there? | Incisors 8, Canine 4, Premolars 8, Molars 12. |
| Gingiva are the? | Gums |
| The crown is the? | Part above the gingiva |
| The enamel is the? | Very hard covering of the crown |
| Enamel is made by what type of cells? | Ameloblast |
| Enamel also prevents the tooth from doing what? | Wearing out |
| What is deep to the enamel? | Dentin |
| Dentin is similar to? | Bone |
| Dentin is produced by what? | Odontoblasts |
| The root of the tooth is enclosed in the what? | Socket or gomphosis |
| The ligament that attaches to the root and bone of the tooth is called? | Periodontal membrain |
| The innermost portion of the tooth is called? | Pulp cavity |
| The pulp cavity contains ______ ______ and fibers of ________? | Blood vessels, Trigeminal nerves |
| The tongue is made up of what type of muscle? | Skeletal muscle |
| What are the functions of the tongue? | Taste, move food, and help with swallowing |
| The projections on the superior surface of the tongue are called? | Papila |
| The papila contain? | Taste buds |
| The papila also grip food to? | Manipulate it |
| The salivary glands produce? | Saliva |
| How many pairs of salivary glands are there? | 3 |
| What are the names of the 3 pairs of salivary glands? | Parotid, Submandibular, and Sublingual |
| Saliva is used to? | Break down carbs and sugars |
| The amount of saliva produced varies based on? | The need |
| Parasympathetic control causes an increase in saliva via what type of nerves? | Facial nerves and glosopharyngeal nerves. |
| The muscular part behind the oral cavity used for swallowing is called? | Pharynx |
| The muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach is called? | Esophagus |
| The muscular contractions that move bolus down is called? | Peristalsis |
| Another name for the lover esophageal sphincter is? | Les cardiac sphincter |
| The les cardiac sphincter is located at? | The junction of the stomach |
| The Les cardiac sphincter prevents what from happening? | Regurgitation and GERD |
| The alimentary tube has how many structural layers? | 4 |
| Name the 4 structural layers of the alimentary tube? | Digestive mucosa, Submucosa, External muscle layer, and Serosa |
| What makes up the lining of the alimentary tube? | Digestive mucosa |
| The digestive mucosa of the alimentary tube is made of what type of tissue? | Epithelial tissue |
| The esophagus is made up of what type of tissue? | Stratified squamous epithelial tissue |
| The stomach and intestines is made up of what type of tissue? | Simple columnar epithelial tissue |
| The stomach and intestines secrete what? | Digestive enzymes |
| Deep to the Digestive mucosa is called the? | Submucosa |
| The lymphnodes are deep to the epithelium in the? | Areolar connective tissue |
| Lymphnodes fight infection that get through the? | Epithelium |
| The submucosa is highly ________ and highly ________? | Vascular and Nervous |
| The submucosa also contains what type of tissue? | Lymphatic tissue |
| What nervous system stretches the entire length of the gut? | Enteric nervous system or Intestinal nervous system. |
| Nerve networks that innervate mucosa to regulate secretions is called what? | Meissners or Submucosal plexus |
| What increases secretion? | Parasympathetic |
| What decreases secretion? | Sympathetic |
| The external muscle layer of the alimentary tube has how many layers? | 2 |
| The 2 layers of the external muscle are called? | Inner and Outer |
| The inner layer of external muscle is? | Circular |
| The outer layer of external muscle is? | Longitudinal |
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ShanellStock2012
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