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A&P I Chapter 10

AnswerQuestion
FALSE A pair of tweezers is a good example of a second-class lever.
FALSE Both first- and second-class levers operate at a mechanical disadvantage.
FALSE Although all skeletal muscles have different shapes, the fascicle arrangement of each muscle is exactly the same.
TRUE Muscles are only able to pull, they never push.
TRUE Regardless of type, all levers follow the same basic principle: effort farther than load from fulcrum = mechanical advantage; effort nearer than load to fulcrum = mechanical disadvantage.
TRUE Movements of the thigh are accomplished by muscles anchored to the pelvic girdle.
TRUE The biceps brachii inserts on the radius.
FALSE The chewing muscle covering the ramus of the mandible is the buccinator.
FALSE The deltoid is a prime mover of the arm that acts in adduction.
TRUE The soleus is a synergist of the gastrocnemius during plantar flexion.
FALSE Muscles that help to maintain posture are often called synergists.
TRUE In order to propel food down to the esophagus, the pharyngeal constrictor muscles are used.
FALSE Plantar flexion at the ankle joint is accomplished by the tibialis anterior muscle.
TRUE The arrangement of a muscle's fascicles determines its range of motion and power.
TRUE Muscle power does not depend on the direction of the fascicles.
TRUE The calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon) is the largest, strongest tendon in the body.
TRUE The epicranius or occipitofrontalis has two bellies, the frontal and occipital.
TRUE Electromyography is the recording and interpretation of graphic records of the electrical activity of contracting muscles.
FALSE Severing of the patellar tendon would inactivate the hamstring group.
TRUE The broadest muscle of the back is the latissimus dorsi.
TRUE Muscle spasms of the back often are due to the erector spinae contraction.
TRUE Muscles connecting to the hyoid bone are important for swallowing and speech.
TRUE The muscles of facial expression insert into skin or other muscles, not bones.
a first-class lever Which type of lever is demonstrated by using scissors?
fibularis tertius What muscle is responsible for keeping your toes from dragging when walking?
the difference in the positioning of the effort, load, and fulcrum What is the major factor controlling how levers work?
The fascicles are short and attach obliquely to a central tendon that runs the length of a muscle. Which of the following describes fascicle arrangement in a pennate muscle?
the total number of muscle cells available for contraction What is the main factor that determines the power of a muscle?
an agonist What is a muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement called?
The muscle has two, three, or four origins, respectively. When the term biceps, triceps, or quadriceps forms part of a muscle's name, what does it tell you about the muscle?
There are over 600 muscles in the body. Which of the following statements is true regarding the total number of skeletal muscles in the human body?
The muscle elevates and/or adducts a region. The names of muscles often indicate the action of the muscle. What does the term levator mean?
They are a group of muscles that lie superior to the hyoid bone and help form the floor of the oral cavity. Which of the following describes the suprahyoid muscles?
to stabilize the shoulder joint and help prevent downward location of the humerus and to assist in abduction The supraspinatus is named for its location on the posterior aspect of the scapula above the spine. What is its action?
extends and abducts the wrist and is short The extensor carpi radialis brevis ________.
circular muscles What are the muscles that are found at openings of the body collectively called?
the frontal belly of the epicranius Which of the following muscles is involved in producing horizontal wrinkles in the forehead?
genioglossus A cute, little curly-haired child is sitting behind you in church. You turn around for a moment and she sticks her tongue out at you. Which tongue muscle did she use?
the scalenes Which group of muscles flexes and rotates the neck?
the sartorius Which of the following muscles is involved in crossing one leg over the other while in a sitting position?
the gastrocnemius Which of the following muscles inserts by the calcaneal tendon?
load is far from the fulcrum and the effort is applied near the fulcrum If a lever operates at a mechanical disadvantage, it means that the ________.
coccygeus Which of the following does not compress the abdomen?
synergist A muscle group that works with and assists the action of a prime mover is a(n) ________.
a synergist What type of muscle assists an agonist by causing a like movement or by stabilizing a joint over which an agonist acts?
gracilis Which of the following is not a member of the hamstrings?
buccinator A nursing infant develops a powerful sucking muscle that adults also use for whistling. What is this muscle called?
sternocleidomastoid Spasms of this straplike muscle often result in wryneck or torticollis.
During contraction the two articulating bones move equally. Which generalization concerning movement by skeletal muscles is not true?
the type of muscle fibers Which of these is not a way of classifying muscles?
diaphragm Which of the choices below is the major muscle for breathing?
It closes, purses, and protrudes the lips. Which of the following best describes the orbicularis oris?.
muscles look like a feather In a pennate muscle pattern ________.
functional levers What are the levers that operate at a mechanical advantage called?
the brachioradialis Tennis players often complain about pain in the arm (forearm) that swings the racquet. What muscle is usually strained under these conditions?
internal intercostals and rectus abdominus Which muscles is (are) contracted to exhale forcibly?
iliopsoas and rectus femoris Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the thigh?
in the body can operate at a mechanical advantage or mechanical disadvantage, depending on specific location First-class levers ________.
All act on the tongue. What do the geniohyoid, hyoglossus, and stylohyoid muscles have in common?
medial compartment of the thigh Adductor magnus, adductor longus, and adductor brevis are parts of a large muscle mass of the ________.
third-class lever If L = load, F = fulcrum, and E = effort, what type of lever system is described as LEF?
adductor magnus Which of the following muscles is a flexor of the thigh?
tibialis anterior Which of the following muscles is involved in inversion at the ankle joint?
the vastus lateralis Which of the following muscles serves as a common intramuscular injection site, particularly in infants?
hamstring muscles Paralysis of which of the following muscles would make an individual unable to flex the knee?
popliteus Which of the following muscles does not act in plantar flexion?
Triceps brachii ________ is a powerful forearm extensor.
serratus anterior The ________ is known as the boxer muscle.
internal oblique The ________ runs deep to the external oblique.
buccinator The ________ helps keep food between the grinding surfaces of the teeth during chewing.
platysma The ________ draws the corners of the mouth downward as in expressing horror.
masseter The ________ is the main chewing muscle.
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