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What is a Flattened Palate?
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Palate Innervation
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Digestive Anatomy
Mod 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a Flattened Palate? | compromised swallowing soft palate muscle seperates oral cavity from nasal cavity in swallowing |
| Palate Innervation | CN X - 4th branchial arch CN XI push food down |
| What two diseases affect swallowing? | Lou Gehrig's (ALS) - motor neuron Myasthenia Gravis - myoneural junction |
| function of CN IX (stylopharyngeus) | pick food up |
| Muscle of the Pharynx | superior constrictor middle constrictor inferior constrictor |
| Dysphagia | problem swallowing |
| Swallowing Reflex | superior pharyns (CN IX) -> brainstem -> CN X-palate up seperate oral cavity from nasal cavity |
| Gag Reflex | stimulation of mucous membrane - upper pharynx sensory to superior pharynx (CN IX) same reaction as swallowing - tongue down, pharynx contracts |
| Salivary Glands | Submandibular and sublingual (CN VII) drainage to sublingual papillae |
| What is the largest salivary gland | parotid gland |
| What is the motor innervation of the parotid gland? | CN IX parasympathetic preganglionic parasympathetic postganglionic |
| where does the parotid gland drain to? | parotid duct parallels the zygomatic arch drains to oral cavity at level of 2nd upper molar |
| What is hiatal hernia? | herniation of the abdominal esophogus into thoraxic cavity |
| What are the 3 openings in the diaphragm? | esophagus inferior Vena Cava Descending abdominal Aorta |
| What is Sliding Hiatal hernia? | abdominal portion of esophagus + cardia of stomach + fundus of stomach -> thoraxic cavity regurgitation of stomach content |
| What is Paraesophageal Hiatal Hernia? | part of fundus of stomach herniates into diaphragm no regurgitation less common |
| Where is the Left Colic Flexure? | Descending Colon |
| Where is the head of the Pancreas located? | hook of the duodenum |
| What is Peritonitis? | inflammation of peritonuem - stomach lining dangerous - fecal matter release |
| What is Peritoneal Adhesion? | interferes with movement of viscera painful |
| Duodenum drainage | Gall Bladder -> Cystic Duct Liver -> Common Hepatic Duct Bile Duct = Cystic Duct + Common Hepatic Duct Pancreatic Duct -> pancreas Duodenal Papilla (opening) |
| What is Gall Stone | Cholesterol concretions narrowest part of the biliary passages found in hepatic and cystic ducts - sometimes pancreatic duct difficult for enzymes to gain access to digest food |
| Portal Triad | Hepatic Artery Bile Duct Portal Vein = Splenic + superior mesenteric vein |
| Giant Cell Arteritis | Inflammation of Superior Mesenteric Artery due to internal elastic lamina (short posterior ciliary artiers) superificial temporal artery affected |
| Referred Pain from Liver, Gall Bladder and Duodenum Nerves | Phrenic Nerves (C 3,4,5) Superclavicular Nerve (C2,3,4) - shoulder |
| Diverticulitis | inflammation of sigmoid colon peritonitis of lower left abdomen |
| Appendicitis | Pain in umbilicus area (T10) at vermiform appendix |
| Colitis | inflammation of colon and rectum Ileostomy - opening between ileum and skin of anterior abdominal wall colonscopy |
Created by:
prinny916
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