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What are the 5 functions of the foot?
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What are the joints of the hindfoot?
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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 5 functions of the foot? | support base that provides stability for upright posture w/ min muscle effort, mechanism for rotation of the tibia and fibula during the stance phase, flexibility to adapt to uneven terrain, flexibility for shock absorption, lever during push off |
| What are the joints of the hindfoot? | Tibiofibular, Talocural, Subtalar |
| Tibiofibular Joint Resting position? | Plantar flexion |
| Tib fib closed packed position | Max dorsiflexion |
| Tib Fib capsular pattern | Pain on stress |
| Which hindfoot joints causes the most problems | Talocrural and Subtalar joint |
| What type of joint is the Talocrural | modified hinge |
| Talocrural resting position | 10 deg plantarflexion |
| Talocrural closed packed position | Maximum dorsiflexion |
| Talocrural capsular pattern | Plantar flexion, dorsiflexion |
| talocrural if musclular what would be limited | Dorsiflexion>plantarflexion |
| Subtalar joint degrees of freedom | 3 |
| Subtalar joints what happens when you supinate the foot | PF, inversion, adduction |
| Subtalar joints what happens when you pronate the foot | DF, eversion, abduction |
| Subtalar Resting position | Midway between extremes |
| Subtalar closed packed position | Supination so it is firm for push off in gait |
| Subtalar Capsular pattern | Varus, valgus (5 deg or both) |
| Midfoot 5 joint what are they? | Talocalcaneonavicular, cuneonavicular, cuboidenavicular, cuneocuboid, calcaneocuboid |
| Midfoot Resting position | between extremes of range of motion |
| Midfoot closed pack | supination |
| Midfoot Capsular pattern | DF, PF, add, medial rotation |
| Forefoot joints? | Tarsometatarsal, Intermetatarsal, Metatarsophalangeal, Interphalangeal |
| Mechanism of injury chronic vs acute | Chronic - runner tendinosis Acute = inv & PF, ev & DF |
| Runners questions? | shoes, miles/week, terrain, hills, pace, how often, when does it start hurting, what time of day, have they changed mileage, where do they run on the road |
| Observation Weight Bearing Anterior view | Supination (pes cavus) or pronation (pes planus) |
| Observation weight bearing posterior | pes planus, cavus, pump bump (swelling where achilles tendon attaches |
| Observation WB lateral view | medial arch, lateral arch, transverse arch |
| Non weight bearing | Valgus vs varus rear foor to forefoot, Plantar flexed first ray (in all 2-5th in one plane and 1st is PFmore than the rest), Heel cord tightness(foot more PT limited DF) |
| Talipues equinus? | Limited dorsiflexion, contracture of gastroc and soleus |
| Club foot | Congenital deformity, also called talipes equinovarus |
| Hindfoot varus | inversion of the calcaneus when subtalar joint in neutral |
| Morton's Metatarsalgia | interdigital neuroma that forms between 3 and 4th web space |
| Exostosis (bony spur) | attached to ligaments, fascia, tendons |
| Bunionette (tailor's Bunion) | similar to bunion with hallus valgus but on the 5th metatarsal |
| Turf toe | Hyperextension injury |
| Morton's foot | second toe longer than first |
| First MP joint is commonly affect by what? | Gout and bunions |
| Navicular bone articulates with 5 other bones what are they? | talar head, 3 cuneiforms and the cuboid |
| the sustentaculum Tali and why is it clinically important? what will occur if there is problems with its anatomical alignment | Clinically itsupports the talus and serves as an attachment of the spring ligament it out of alignment will lead to flat feet (pes planus) |
| Medial tubercle of the talus is an insertion point for what? | Medial collateral ligament |
| the sinus tarsi is filled with what muscle? | extensor digitorum brevis |
| what attaches to the styloid process of 5 metatarsal? | peroneus brevis |
| What is a tailer's bunion? | occurs when swelling, redness and tenderness occurs over the styloid process of the 5th |
| what runs through the cuboid groove | Peroneus longus |
| Medial calcaneal tubercle is an attachment sight for what? what commonly happens here? | Abductor hallucis muscle and the plantar aponeurosis, commonly a location for heel spurs |
| What part of the calcaneus is weight bearing | the medial calcaneal tubercle NOT the lateral calcaneal tubercle |
| What provides the main blood supply to the foot? | Posterior tibial artery |
| which ligament on the lateral side of the ankle is the stongest? | Posterior talofibular ligament |
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