| Question | Answer |
| a simple spinal reflex goes along which reflex arcs? | receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron,effector |
| Vagus cranial nerve | longest cranial nerve. Involved in movement of the digestive tract. |
| Projection level of motor control | Includes cortical and brain stem motor areas. intermediate relay for incoming and outgoing neurons |
| The trochlear nerve conveys proprioceptor impulses from | the superior rectus muscle to the brain |
| A reflex that causes muscle relaxation and lengthening in response to muscle tension | Golgi tendon reflex |
| Hypoglossal cranial nerve | Damage to this nerve would cause difficulty in speech and swallowing, but no effect on visceral organs. |
| Checks the integrity of the spinal cord and dorsal rami at the level of T8 to T12 | Abdominal reflex |
| The only cranial nerve to extend beyond the head and neck region | The vagus nerves |
| number of pairs of thoracic spinal nerves | 12 |
| Mixed cranial nerves containing both motor and sensory fibers include | Oculomotor, trigeminal, and facial |
| The three primary levels of neural integration in a somatosensory system | receptor level, circuit level, perceptual level |
| Trochlear cranial nerve | innervates the superior oblique muscle. damage to this nerve would keep the eye from rotating inferolaterally. |
| Turns the eyeball laterally | Abducens nerve |
| nerve branches of trigeminal nerve | mandibular, ophthalmic, and maxillary |
| A fall or improper administration of an injection to the buttocks may injure a nerve of this plexus | Sacral plexus |
| Formed by the union of a cranial and spinal root | Accessory nerve |
| If the ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut what would be the result in the tissue or region that nerve supplies? | a complete loss of voluntary movement |
| In order, starting at the spinal cord, the subdivisions of the brachial plexus | Roots, trunks, divisions, and cords |
| The patellar knee jerk is an example of | Stretch reflex |
| Potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain are selectively detected by | nociceptors |
| when the great toe dorsiflexes and the other toes fan laterally | Babinski's sign |
| Major nerves of the lumbar plexus | femoral and obturator |
| The thickest and longest nerve of the body is found in | the sacral plexus |
| Transduction | conversion of stimulus information to nerve impulses |
| Produces a rapid withdrawal of the body part from a painful stimulus; ipsilateral | flexor reflex |
| The abducens nerve | supplies innervation to the lateral rectus muscle of the eye |
| The phrenic nerve branches from this plexus | Cervical plexus |
| crossed extensor reflex | if the right arm were grabbed it would flex and the left arm would extend |
| After axonal injury, regeneration in peripheral nerves is guided by | Schwann cells |
| Striking the funny bone/ulnar nerve may cause injury to a nerve of this plexus | Brachial plexus |
| Trauma to a nerve of this plexus may cause wrist drop | Brachial plexus |
| The peripheral nervous system includes | sensory receptors |
| Cranial nerves that have neural connections with the tongue | facial, glossopharyngeal, trigeminal |
| Inborn or intristic reflexes | are involuntary, yet may be modified by learned behavior |
| The sciatic nerve is a combination of which two nerves? | common fibular and tibial |
| Bells's palsy | is characterized by paralysis of facial muscles |
| Meissner's corpuscles | are mechanoreceptors |
| Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level L4 to S4 form the | Sacral plexus |
| Segmental level of motor control | Central pattern generators. The neural machinery of the spinal cord, including spinal cord circuits. |
| All processing at the circuit level going up to the perceptual level must synapse in the | thalamus |
| Helps regulate blood pressure and digestion | Vagus nerve |
| Serves the senses of hearing and equilibrium | Vestibulocochlear nerve |
| innervation of a major nerve of this plexus may cause hiccups | cervical plexus |
| The lowest level of the CNS | central pattern generators CPGs |
| The circuit level of the somatosensory system delivers impulses to the appropriate level of the | cerebral cortex |
| Receptors located in epithelium of the nasal cavity | Olfactory |
| Nociceptors | are receptors that adapt most slowly |
| Pressure, pain, and temperature receptors in the skin | exteroceptors |
| Vestibulocochlear cranial nerve | Damage to this nerve would cause dizziness. nausea, and loss of balancae |
| Prevents muscle overstretching and maintains muscle tone | Stretch reflex |
| A fracture to the ethmoid bone could result in damage to which cranial nerve? | Olfactory nerve |
| Musculocutaneous nerve | innervates the flexor muscles in the anterior arm (biceps brachii and brachialis) |
| Regeneration within the CNS | is prevented due to growth-inhibiting proteins of oligodendrocytes |
| Problems in balance may follow trauma to which nerve? | vestibulocochlear |
| Tests both upper and lower motor pathways. The sole of the foot is stimulated with a dull instrument | plantar reflex |
| The cranial nerve with a dual origin of brain and spinal cord | Accessory nerve |
| The obturator and femoral nerves branch from this plexus | Lumbar plexus |
| The posterior side of the thigh, leg, and foot is served by | the tibial nerve |
| nerves that arise from the brachial plexus | ulnar, radial, median |
| Precommand level of motor control | The cerebellum and basal nuclei. controls the outputs of the cortex and regulates motor activity. |
| Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS only | Afferent nerves |
