Chapter 3 Cells: The Living Units
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| show | cell
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| show | plasma membrane
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| show | cytoplasm
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| control center of cell | show 🗑
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| important for membrane structure | show 🗑
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| show | proteins
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| function: transport, receptors or enzymes, attach to cytoskeleton or other cells | show 🗑
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| show | tight, desmosome, gap
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| impermeable membrane junction | show 🗑
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| anchoring membrane junction, binds cells | show 🗑
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| show | gap junction
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| show | membrane is selectively permeable
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| show | passive transport
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| type of passive transport | show 🗑
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| the diffusion of water across selectively permeable membrane | show 🗑
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| show | osmolarity
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| where the solute concentration is equal to cytosol | show 🗑
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| where the solute concentration is greater than cytosol | show 🗑
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| solute concentration is less than cytosol | show 🗑
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| requires carrier proteins, moves against gradient, uses energy(ATP) to move molecules | show 🗑
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| show | vesicular transport
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| show | exocytosis and endocytosis
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| show | mitochondria
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| show | nuclear envelope, rER, golgi body, vesicles, lysosomes
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| contain protein and rRNA, site of protein synthesis | show 🗑
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| show | endoplasmic reticulum
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| storage and transport of proteins, has ribosomes | show 🗑
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| show | smooth ER
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| show | golgi apparatus
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| show | lysosomes
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| show | cytoskeleton
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| show | intermediate filaments
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| dynamic hollow tubes, radiate from centrosome, determines shape of cell and placement of organelles | show 🗑
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| show | cilia and flagella
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| moves substances across cell surfaces | show 🗑
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| show | flagella
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| show | nucleus
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| double-membrane barrier with pores | show 🗑
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| cell cycle | show 🗑
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| show | period from cell formation to cell division
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| show | G1 for growth, S for DNA synthesis, G2 for growth and prepping for division
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| show | DNA helices unwind from nuclesomes, leicase enzyme untwists double helix
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| show | each is a template for building a new complementary strand for DNA replication
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| replisome | show 🗑
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| show | only works in one direction
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| semi-conservative DNA replication | show 🗑
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| show | cell division
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| show | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
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| show | division of cytoplasm by cleavage furrow
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| show | prophase
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| show | prophase
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| show | prophase
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| nuclear envelope fragments | show 🗑
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| kinetochore microtubules attach to kinetichore of centromeres and draws them toward equator | show 🗑
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| centromeres of chromosomes are aligned at the equator | show 🗑
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| show | plane midway between poles
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| shortest phase | show 🗑
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| show | anaphase
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| chromosomes are pulled toward poles by motor proteins of kinetochores | show 🗑
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| show | anaphase
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| begins when chromosomes stop moving | show 🗑
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| 2 sets of chromosomes uncoil and form chromatin | show 🗑
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| show | telophase
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| show | telophase
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| show | telophase
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| begins during late anaphase, ring of actin microfilaments contracts to form cleavage furrow, 2 daughter cells are pinched apart, each with a nucleus identical to original | show 🗑
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| segment of DNA with blueprint for 1 polypeptide | show 🗑
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| show | triplets of nucleotide bases form genetic library; each triplet specifies coding for one amino acid
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| transfer DNA gene base sequence to a complementary base sequence of mRNA | show 🗑
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| base sequence, promoter | show 🗑
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| enzyme that oversees synthesis of mRNA | show 🗑
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| 3 steps of transcription | show 🗑
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| RNA polymerase binds to promoter, pries apart 2 DNA strands and initiates mRNA synthesis and start point on the template strand | show 🗑
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| RNA polymerase moves along template strand, elongating mRNA transcript one at a time, unwinds DNA double helix and then rewinds behind it | show 🗑
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| show | termination
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| show | translation
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| show | translation
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| show | mRNA
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| show | rRNA
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| bind to amino acids and pair with bases of codons of mRNA and ribosome to begin protein synthesis | show 🗑
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| show | codon
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| show | genetic code
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| translation | show 🗑
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| translation | show 🗑
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| show | mRNA-ribosome complex is directed to rER by signal recognition particle
forming protein enters ER
sugar groups may be added to protein and alter shape
protein is enclosed in a vesicle for transport to golgi body
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| show | antisense RNAs
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| small RNAs that interfere with mRNAs made by certain exons | show 🗑
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