Chapter 20 Anatomy & Physiology
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| the study of the digestive tract and diagnosis and treatment of its diseases. | show 🗑
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| The digestive tract is also know as | show 🗑
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| show | Mechanical
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| show | Mechanical
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| show | Chemical
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| show | Chemical
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| show | Mucosa
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| show | Mucosa
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| Is a thick layer of connective tissue | show 🗑
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| it contains glands, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves | show 🗑
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| Consists of two layers of smooth muscle | show 🗑
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| show | Muscularis
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| the outer most layer | show 🗑
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| covers a portion of the digestive tract within the peritoneal cavity. | show 🗑
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| show | Adventital
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| The _____ layer of the peritoneum covers the organs in the abdominopelvic cavity | show 🗑
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| show | Parietal
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| show | Digestion
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| show | Enteric Nerves System
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| show | Mesenteries
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| extending from the greater curvature of the stomach and hanging down over the small intestines like an apron is a portion of the mesentery called the | show 🗑
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| the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity | show 🗑
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| extends from the lesser curve of the stomach to the liver | show 🗑
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| show | mesocolon
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| organs enclosed in peritoneum | show 🗑
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| show | Retroperitoneal
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| show | Buccal Cavity
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| it surrounds the lips and bordered on each side of the cheeks | show 🗑
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| formed portions of maxillae and palatine bones | show 🗑
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| separates the mouth from the nasal cavity | show 🗑
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| Consists of mostly skeletal muscle and forms an arch between the mouth and nasopharynx | show 🗑
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| A cone-shaped thing that hangs downward from the soft palate | show 🗑
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| skeletal muscle covered by mucous membrane | show 🗑
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| show | Tongue
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| it contains taste buds within the projections | show 🗑
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| inside of taste buds | show 🗑
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| a fold of mucous membrane that anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth | show 🗑
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| show | Lingual Frenulum
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| The Salivary gland secrete | show 🗑
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| a Clear fluid consisting mostly of water, but also containing mucus, an enzyme that kills bacteria, antibacterial compounds, electrolytes, and two digestive enzymes | show 🗑
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| moistens food and transforms it into a mass called | show 🗑
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| the enzyme in saliva that brakes down starch | show 🗑
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| show | lipase
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| lies just underneath the skin anterior to the ear | show 🗑
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| show | Parotid Gland
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| Empties into the mouth on either side of the lingual frenulum | show 🗑
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| show | Sublingual Gland
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| digestion begins when food enters the mouth and is chewed: a process called ________ | show 🗑
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| Chisel-like _______ have sharp edges for cutting food | show 🗑
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| Pointed _______ teeth are designed to tear food | show 🗑
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| show | Premolars
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| Early teeth or baby teeth are called _______ teeth | show 🗑
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| show | Crown
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| The gums are called | show 🗑
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| the root and the drown meet at the gum line called the | show 🗑
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| is embedded in a socket in the jawbone | show 🗑
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| show | Enamel
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| The bulk of the tooth consists of a firm yellowish tissue called | show 🗑
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| contains mass of connective tissue, Blood and lymphatic vessels, and nerves inside a tooth | show 🗑
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| nerves inside a tooth | show 🗑
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| show | Pulp
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| show | Periodontal Ligament
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| show | Periodontal Ligament
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| show | Cementum
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| show | Esophagus
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| show | Esophagus
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| Lying posterior to the teachea, it travels through the mediastinum, penetrates the diaphragm, and enters the stomach | show 🗑
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| show | Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES)
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| When the bolus enters the esophagus, it triggers wave-like muscular contractions the propel the food toward the stomach this process is called | show 🗑
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| show | Chyme
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| Chyme leaves the stomach and enters the duodenum by passing through the | show 🗑
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| Along the upper surface of the stomach | show 🗑
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| show | Greater Curvature
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| located in the Left upper quadrant inferior to diaphragm and anterior to the spleen | show 🗑
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| Holds food and mechanically and chemically digests it | show 🗑
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| In the Region called the Cardia | show 🗑
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| show | Cardiac Orifice
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| show | Fundus
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| The part of the stomach that usually contains air | show 🗑
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| The main part of the stomach | show 🗑
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| the Area adjacent to duodenum | show 🗑
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| Separates the duodenum and the Pylorus | show 🗑
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| show | Pyloric Sphincter
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| show | Rugea
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| Contains Gastric glands that consist several cell types | show 🗑
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| Secrets Mucus | show 🗑
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| show | Chief Cells
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| show | Chief Cells
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| Secrets H+ from proton pumps into the stomach that bonds to CI- that also diffuses from the parietal cells to become hydrochloric acid (HCI) | show 🗑
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| show | Parital Cells
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| Protects the stomach lining and keeps the stomach from digesting itself | show 🗑
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| show | Enteroendocrine Cells
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| show | Gastrin
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| Secreted when food enters the stomach | show 🗑
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| Stimulates the Hypothalamus to increase appetite | show 🗑
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| show | Gastric Juice
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| show | Cephalic
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| show | Cephalic
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| show | Cephalic
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| show | Gastric
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| the phase that begins when food enters the stomach | show 🗑
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| the third phase of secretions in gastric juices | show 🗑
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| as chyme moves into the duodenum this phase begins | show 🗑
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| show | liver
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| Swelling and inflammation of the liver | show 🗑
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| the right and the left lobes of the liver are separated by the | show 🗑
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| Serves to anchor the liver to the abdominal wall | show 🗑
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| The lobe of the liver near the inferior vena cava | show 🗑
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| show | Quadrate
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| show | Hepatic Artery
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| show | Portal Vein
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| show | Hepatic lobules
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| show | Central vein
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| show | Hepatocytes
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| in between the sheets of cells are passage ways filled with blood called | show 🗑
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| show | Canaliculi
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| phagocytic cells that remove bacteria, worn, worn out red blood cells, and debris from the bloodstream | show 🗑
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| Bile leaves the liver by the | show 🗑
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| show | Common Hepatic duct
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| the common hepatic duct goes on to become the | show 🗑
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| Bile from the liver first fills the common bile duct before backing up into the gallbladder though the | show 🗑
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| The bile merges with the duct of the pancreas to form the | show 🗑
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| show | Major Duodenum papilla
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| the sphincter that controls the flow of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum | show 🗑
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| Secretes digestive enzymes in an inactive form | show 🗑
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| show | Acinar Cells
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| show | Cholecystokinin
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| the hormone from the stomach and duodenum that triggers both gallbladder contraction an pancreatic enzyme secretion | show 🗑
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| show | Secretin
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| Cause the bile and pancreatic ducts to release bicarbonate, which helps neutralize the stomach acid entering the duodenum | show 🗑
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| the First 10 inches of the small intestines | show 🗑
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| show | Jejunum
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| show | Ileum
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| Ring like contractions that occur at the intervals along the small intestines | show 🗑
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| Begins when most of the nutrients have been absorbed and undigested residue remains | show 🗑
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| intestinal lining contains ________ that slow the process of chyme an increase it contact with mucosa | show 🗑
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| show | Villi
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| An arteriole, A venule, and lymph vessel call a _________ fills the core of each villus | show 🗑
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| Pores at the base of the villi | show 🗑
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| show | Polysaccharides
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| Contain two groups linked together; theses include sucrose, lactose, and maltose | show 🗑
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| Contain only one saccharide group; the include glucose, fructose, and galactose | show 🗑
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| show | Amylase
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| When the food reaches the small intestines, the resulting chyme mixes with ____________, and the process of starch digestion resumes | show 🗑
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| in the stomach the enzyme _____ hydrolyzes the peptide bonds between certain amino acids | show 🗑
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| show | Pepidases
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| show | Trypsin & Chymotrypsin
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| show | cecum
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| attached to the lower end of the cecum is a tubular organ called the | show 🗑
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| at the point where the ileum meets the large intestine is the | show 🗑
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| Part of the large intestine that Passes below the liver, stomach and spleen. | show 🗑
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| show | Hepatic flexure
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| the colon turns sharply DOWNWARD at the | show 🗑
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| the part of the large intestine that extends downward along the left side of the abdominal cavity | show 🗑
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| Part of the large intestine that forms an "s" shape down to the rectum | show 🗑
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| show | Rectum
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| makes up the last inch of the rectum | show 🗑
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| the anal canal opens to the exterior though the | show 🗑
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