Chapter 8 Q & A
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| What are joints? | show 🗑
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| show | Some joints are completely immovable, some allow limited movement, most permit considerable movement
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| What are the classifications of joints? | show 🗑
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| show | They result when collagen fibers from one bone penetrates the adjacent bone, anchoring the bones in place
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| show | 2 bones joined by cartilage that are slightly movable
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| show | The most numerous and veersatile of all the body's joints; freely movable; 6 types of synovial joints
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| show | Ball-and-socket joint such as the hip and shoulder
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| What are the 6 types of synovial joints? | show 🗑
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| What is a pivot joint? | show 🗑
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| show | The dens of the axis articulating with the atlas and radioulnar joint
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| What is a hinge joint? | show 🗑
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| show | Elbow, knee, and interphalangeal joints
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| show | 2 relatively flat bone surfaces slide over one another; least mobile of all the synovial joints
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| Where is a gliding joint located? | show 🗑
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| What is a ball-and-socket joint? | show 🗑
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| Where is a ball-and-socket joint located? | show 🗑
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| What is a saddle joint? | show 🗑
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| show | An oval convex surface of one bone fits into a similarly shaped depression of another, allowing flexion and extension as well as side-to-side movement
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| show | Found only in the thumbs
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| Where is a condyloid joint located? | show 🗑
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| What are the 7 ranges of movement? | show 🗑
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| show | Bending a joint so as to DECREASE the angle of the joint
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| show | Straightening a joint so as to INCREASE the angle between the bones
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| show | Moving the toes UPWARD
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| show | Moving the toes DOWNWARD
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| show | When a bone spins TOWARD the body's midline
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| show | When a bone spins AWAY FROM the body's midline
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| What is supination? | show 🗑
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| show | Movement that turns the palm DOWNWARD
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| show | Extreme extension of a joint beyond its normally straight position
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| show | Abduction is movement of a body part AWAY from the midline of the body. Adduction is the movement of a body part TOWARD the midline of the body
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| show | The distal end of an appendage moves in a circle
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| What is the difference between inversion and eversion? | show 🗑
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| show | Protraction moves a part FORWARD. Retraction moves a part BACKWARD
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| What are the major anatomical features of the shoulder? | show 🗑
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| show | The elbow is a hinge joint consisting of 2 articulations. A single joint capsule encases both.
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| show | The hip is a ball-and-socket joint, but more stable that the shoulder because the hip socket is much deeper
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| What are the major anatomical features of the knee? | show 🗑
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| show | Result of a downward driving force. The shoulder is the most likely joint to be dislocated and children are especially prone
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| How do most knee injuries occur? | show 🗑
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| What is significant about joint replacement? | show 🗑
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| show | "Wear-and-tear" arthritis; common effect of aging; affects 85% of people over 70; affects the hips, intervertebral joints, and fingers
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| show | Autoimmune disease; antibodies attack the synovial membrane; degeneration of the articular cartilage and thickening of the synovial membrane; pain and joint deformity; fatigue, fever, anemia; no cure
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