Joints
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| show | Joints
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| Joints are categorized by what 2 features? | show 🗑
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| 3 functional classifications of joints | show 🗑
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| 3 structural classifications of joints | show 🗑
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| show | Fibrous Joints
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| 3 types of fibrous joints | show 🗑
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| Joints that only occur in the bones of the skull and allow bone growth so the skull can expand with the brain during childhood | show 🗑
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| closed sutures (fibrous tissue ossifies in middle age) | show 🗑
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| Interosseous membrane between radius and ulna is a freely movable diarthrosis | show 🗑
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| Tooth in a socket Connecting ligament—the periodontal ligament | show 🗑
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| show | Cartilaginous joints
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| show | Synchondroses and Symphyses
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| Is the joint between the first rib and sternum movable or immovable? | show 🗑
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| show | Slightly movable joints that provide strength with flexibility
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| show | Fibrocartilage
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| show | Synovial Joints
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| Absorbs compression | show 🗑
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| show | Joint cavity (synovial cavity)
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| show | Articular capsule
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| show | Fibrous capsule
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| Loose connective tissue Lines joint capsule and covers internal joint surfaces Functions to make synovial fluid | show 🗑
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| show | Synovial fluid
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| show | Reinforcing ligaments
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| show | Look at slide 21 in PP CHAP-9 to see the Structure of a Synovial Joint
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| Richly supplied with sensory nerves Detect pain Most monitor how much the capsule is being stretched Branches of several major nerves and blood vessels Have a rich blood supply Serve as lubricating devices | show 🗑
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| Are bursae and tendon sheaths synovial joints? | show 🗑
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| show | Bursa
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| an elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon | show 🗑
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| 3 basic types of movement | show 🗑
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| show | Carpals
Articular processes of vertebrae
Tarsals
(Movements include:
Flexion and extension
Abduction and adduction
Circumduction)
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| Abduction | show 🗑
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| show | Towards the body
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| show | Rotation
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| Rotation away from the center of the body | show 🗑
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| show | Medial rotation
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| Moving a body part downward | show 🗑
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| show | Elevation (closing your mouth/moving your chip upward)
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| show | Protraction
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| show | Retraction
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| show | Supination
(sup?)
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| show | Pronation (brings radius across the ulna)
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| Moving thumb to touch the tips of other fingers | show 🗑
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| Turning your foot medially | show 🗑
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| Turning your foot laterally | show 🗑
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| show | Dorsiflexion
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| Depressing the foot; elevating the heel | show 🗑
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| Shape classifications of Synovial Joints | show 🗑
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| Plane joint | show 🗑
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| Hinge joints | show 🗑
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| Pivot Joint | show 🗑
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| show | Allow moving bone to travel
Side to side—abduction-adduction
Back and forth—flexion-extension
Classified as biaxial—movement occurs around two axes
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| Saddle Joint | show 🗑
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| Ball-and-socket Joint | show 🗑
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| prevent excessive motions On the medial or inferior side of a joint – prevent excessive abduction Lateral or superiorly located—resist adduction | show 🗑
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| resist extension and lateral rotation | show 🗑
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| resist flexion and medial rotation | show 🗑
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| show | Muscle tone
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| Is a saddle joint Four ligaments surround the joint Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments Interclavicular ligament Costoclavicular ligament Performs multiple complex movements | show 🗑
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| Is a modified hinge joint The head of the mandible articulates with the temporal bone Lateral excursion is a side-to-side movement of the mandible | show 🗑
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| show | Shoulder (glenohumeral) joint
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| 4 muscles of the rotator cuff | show 🗑
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| Allows flexion and extension The humerus’ articulation with the trochlear notch of the ulna forms the hinge Tendons of biceps and triceps brachii provide stability | show 🗑
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| Stabilized by numerous ligaments Composed of radiocarpal and intercarpal joint | show 🗑
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| joint between the radius and proximal carpals (the scaphoid and lunate) Allows for flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction | show 🗑
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| show | Intercarpal joint
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| A ball-and-socket structure Movements occur in all axes Limited by ligaments and acetabulum Head of femur articulates with acetabulum Stability comes chiefly from acetabulum and capsular ligaments Muscle tendons contribute somewhat to stability | show 🗑
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| show | Knee joint
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| show | Femoropatellar joint
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| Covers posterior and lateral aspects of the knee Covers tibial and femoral condyles Does not cover the anterior aspect of the knee Anteriorly covered by three ligaments Patellar ligament, Medial, and lateral patellar retinacula | show 🗑
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| show | Ligaments of the knee joint
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| show | A) Fibular and tibial collateral ligament,
B) Oblique popliteal ligament, and
C) Arcuate popliteal ligament
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| show | Cruciate ligaments
(Each cruciate ligament runs from the proximal tibia to the distal femur and prevent undesirable movements at the knee)
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| show | Anterior cruciate ligament
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| prevents forward sliding of the femur or backward displacement of the tibia | show 🗑
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| show | Lateral blows to the knee
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| A hinge joint between United inferior ends of tibia and fibula The talus of the foot Allows dorsiflexion and plantar flexion movements only | show 🗑
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| Disorders of Joints | show 🗑
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| show | Torn cartilage— common injury to meniscus of knee joint
Sprains— ligaments of a reinforcing joint are stretched or torn
Dislocation— occurs when the bones of a joint are forced out of alignment
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| show | Bursitis
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| show | Tendonitis
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| describes over 100 kinds of joint-damaging diseases | show 🗑
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| most common type of “wear and tear” arthritis | show 🗑
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| show |
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| show | Week 8
(Outer region of mesenchyme becomes fibrous joint capsule
Inner region becomes the joint cavity)
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