Pharmacology, Nursing, diuretics
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| Diuretics | show 🗑
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| show | By increasing glomerular filtration rate and decreasing tubule reabsorption
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| show | Thiazides, High Ceiling (loop), Osmotics, Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors, Potassium Sparing
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| show | By decreasing the reabsorption of Mg, Na, Cl, water, carbonic acid, and K. Also, it increases the reabsorption of glucose, Ca and lipids.
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| What is the prototype for thiazides? | show 🗑
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| What are some clinical uses for diuretics? | show 🗑
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| HCTZ | show 🗑
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| What is the prototype for high ceiling diuretics? | show 🗑
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| How do high ceiling/loop diuretics work? | show 🗑
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| show | They are not a strong diuretic, they take 2 hours to start working, they can be used to treat hypercalcemia in the urine, they are a poor choice to use on diabetics and risk of allergy in people who are allergic to sulfonamides.
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| What are common adverse effects of diuretics? | show 🗑
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| show | heart failure, renal failure, poor circulation
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| Polyurea | show 🗑
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| show | small urine output
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| Anurea | show 🗑
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| Edema | show 🗑
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| Hypokalemia | show 🗑
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| show | By IV only
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| mannitol/Osmitrol | show 🗑
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| show | abnormal potassium affects the conduction of cardiac nerve impulses and myocardial contraction
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| How do potassium sparing diurectics work? | show 🗑
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| What is a risk with using an osmotic diuretic? | show 🗑
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| show | stronger/faster onset of action, sodium restriction is often needed, treats hypercalcemia, is ototoxic
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| Which diuretic would you use to treat anuria, increased IOP, and/or edema? | show 🗑
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| show | potassium sparing diuretic
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| Explain how osmotic diuretics affect the blood volume | show 🗑
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| How do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors work? | show 🗑
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| What is the prototype for the osmotic diuretic? | show 🗑
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| What are clinical uses for osmotic diurectics? | show 🗑
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| How do osmotic diuretics work? | show 🗑
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| show | There is the potential for hyperkalemia, potassium supplements are not needed, monitor hr and rhythm.
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| What is the potassium sparing diuretic? | show 🗑
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| Why is a sodium restriction needed in conjunction with use of a high ceiling diuretic? | show 🗑
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| furosemide/Lasix | show 🗑
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| show | b/c it increases serum gluose and lipids
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| Why are thiazides useful in treating elevated urine calcium? | show 🗑
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| show | acetazolamide/Diamox
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| show | Reduces IOP and ICP (intercranial pressure)also decreases blood pH.
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| show | I&O, weight, edema, serum electrolytes, neuromuscular status, serum glucose and mental status.
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| When your pt is on a diuretic, what should you see on thier I&O? | show 🗑
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| show | daily weight
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| Where is edema most prevalent? | show 🗑
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| show | Thiazides
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| show | electrolyte imbalance; impulse conduction and muscle activity depend on specific concentrations of electrolytes.
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| show | confusion or decreased alertness.
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| What are signs of hypovolemia? | show 🗑
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| What are signs of hypokalemia? | show 🗑
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| show | always dilute and give slowly
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| In a pt w/hyponatremia, what would you assess for? | show 🗑
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| In a pt w/hypocalcemia what would you assess for? | show 🗑
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| show | depressed neuromuscular function
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| What do you need to do to treat hypocalcemia? | show 🗑
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| How do you treat hypercalcemia? | show 🗑
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| show | take diuretics in the morning, report muscle weakness, palpations, muscle cramps, confusion, reduce sodium intake (as ordered), salt subtitutes contain potassium
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| acetazolamide/Diamox | show 🗑
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| Which group of pts are at higher risk for sodium depletion? | show 🗑
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