Integumentary (Skin)
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| show | The skin and it's accessory structures (derivatives)
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| show | Means the same as "skin"; Largest organ in the body (7-8% total weight of the body). Two Layers: Epidermis and Dermis
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| Epidermis | show 🗑
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| Dermis | show 🗑
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| Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer) | show 🗑
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| Integument Function | show 🗑
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| Epidermis Strata Layers (from most superficial to deepest) | show 🗑
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| Stratum Corneum | show 🗑
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| Stratum Lucidum | show 🗑
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| show | AKA Granular layer; 3-5 layers of keratinocytes; As they migrate from blood supply organelles begin to degrade and cytoplasm fills with concentrated keratin;Fully ketatinized cells are dead but strong and highly water-insoluble.
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| show | AKA Spiny layer; Several layers thick; 2 types of cells (Keratinocytes and Epidermal dendritic)
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| show | The skin and it's accessory structures (derivatives)
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| Integument | show 🗑
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| Epidermis | show 🗑
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| show | Deeper layer of dense irregular connective tissue
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| show | A third layer (not considered part of the integument) lies deep to the dermis. Consists mostly of adipose connective tissue.
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| Integument Function | show 🗑
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| Epidermis Strata Layers (from most superficial to deepest) | show 🗑
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| show | Most superficial layer of epidermis; Thickness varies from a few to 30 layers thick depending on location on the body; Anucleate (a "everything" but keratin for that matter); Comprised solely of dead keratinocytes to be sloughed off by abrasion of skin.
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| show | Thin, translucent region, 2-3 layers thick; Sole of feet and palms of hands (calluses); Cells devoid of organelles but filled with ELEIDIN which is a transparent, intermediate product of keratin maturation.
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| Stratum Granulosum | show 🗑
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| Stratum Spinosum | show 🗑
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| Keratinocytes (Stratum Spinosum) | show 🗑
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| show | Phagocytitic and engulf invading pathogens
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| Stratum Basale | show 🗑
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| Keratinocytes (Stratum Basale) | show 🗑
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| show | Have long branching cytoplasmic processes that are distributed throughout this cell layer; Produce melanosomes; Absorbs energy from the UV light thus preventing damage to DNA of cells in this layer, possibly preventing a form of skin cancer
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| Melanosomes | show 🗑
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| Tactile Cells (Stratum Basale) | show 🗑
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| show | Superficial layer; Directly adjacent to stratum basale; Dermal papillae & epidermal ridges interlock to increase surface area exposure between the epidermis and dermis; Dermal papillae contain capillaries that supply nutrients to avascular epidermal cells
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| Reticular Layer | show 🗑
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| Lines of Cleavage | show 🗑
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| Innervation | show 🗑
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| show | Unlike the avascular epidermis, the dermis contains blood vessels; These blood vessels have important role in controlling body temperature (Vasoconstriction and Vasodilation)
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| show | Narrowing of blood vessels thus preserving core body heat
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| Vasodilation | show 🗑
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| show | Nails, Hair, Sweat and Sebaceous Glands
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| Nail Matrix | show 🗑
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| Lunula | show 🗑
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| show | Keratinized cells growing from a hair follicle that extends deep into the dermis or hypodermis; Three zones along the length of a hair (Hair bulb, Hair root, Hair shaft)
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| Hair Bulb | show 🗑
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| show | Dividing epithelial cells that generate daughter cells resulting in growth or lengthening of the hair
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| show | Consists of a small amount of connective tissue, nerves and blood vessels that support the dividing epithelial cells within the hair matrix
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| Arrector Pili Muscle | show 🗑
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| Function of Hair | show 🗑
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| Integumentary Exocrine Glands | show 🗑
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| show | Produce a watery solution
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| show | Produce an oily secretion that coats hair shafts and the surface of the epidermis
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| show | External ear
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| Mammary | show 🗑
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| show | Merocrine sweat glands; Apocrine sweat glands
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| Sweat Duct | show 🗑
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| show | Simple coiled tubular glands; release secretion directly onto surface of skin (pore is the opening); Most numerous; Found mostly on palms of hands, soles of feet and forehead; Secretion is under nervous system control; Secretion is clear and is 99% H2O
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| show | Thermoregulation; Excretion; Protection
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| Apocrine Sweat Gland | show 🗑
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| Sebaceous Gland | show 🗑
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| Ceruminous Gland | show 🗑
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| Mammary Gland | show 🗑
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