Circulatory System
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| show | Arteries, capillaries, and veins
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| Arteries function | show 🗑
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| Capillaries function, location, type of tissue, what layers does it have | show 🗑
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| show | Carry blood from tissues back to the heart. Thin, non-elastic, walls that can't withstand much pressure, but thicker than arteries. CONTAIN VALVES. (60% of volume at rest)
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| show | 1. Tunica interna (intima), 2. Tunica media 3. Tunica externa (adventitia)
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| Tunica interna (intima) | show 🗑
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| show | Middle layer, sheets of smooth muscle in loose CT.
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| Tunica externa (adventitia) | show 🗑
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| show | Elastic (conducting/large), Muscular (distributing/medium), and Arterioles (small)
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| show | Tunica media: many elastic fibers, few muscle cells. Contains Vasa Vasorum. Ex: pulmonary trunk, aorta, common carotid, subclavian, common iliac
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| Vasa Vasorum | show 🗑
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| show | Make up majority of arteries. Tunica media has many muscle cells. Many are named after internal organ it feeds; Ex: external carotid, brachial, and femoral
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| Arterioles | show 🗑
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| What are the 3 types of capillaries | show 🗑
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| show | Complete basement membrane on outside with tunica intima inside. Intercellular cleft. Ex: skeletal/smooth muscle, and CT.
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| Fenestrated Capillaries | show 🗑
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| show | Incomplete basement membrane, tunica intima has intercellular gaps for blood cells to pass through. Ex: Liver, bone marrow, spleen, anterior pituitary.
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| show | 1. Venules, 2. Medium, and 3. Large
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| show | Smallest veins that carry blood away from capillaries
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| Medium sized veins | show 🗑
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| Large sized veins | show 🗑
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| show | Superior/inferior mesenteric and splenic veins pass blood flow into liver and through 2nd capillary bed. Then from the liver the hepatic vein returns to the inferior vena cava
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| show | Force exerted by blood on blood vessel walls
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| show | Millimeters of mercury (mmHg)
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| show | Maximum pressure exerted on blood vessel walls (first # in BP reading)
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| show | Minimum pressure exerted on blood vessel walls (second # in BP reading)
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| Hemodynamics | show 🗑
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| show | Twisted, dilated, superficial veins. Cause by leaking of valves of veins. Help with blackflow and pooling of blood.
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| show | Heart -> artery -> arteriole -> capillaries -> venules -> veins
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| show | Blood flows through 2 consecutive capillary networks before returning to heart -3 total in body - (hypothalamus/anterior pituitary, kidneys, intestine/liver)
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| show | We could not regulate our BP
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| BHP | show 🗑
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| BCOP | show 🗑
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| show | Liver (except globulins)
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| IFHP | show 🗑
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| show | "Interstitial fluid osmotic pressure " - A form of osmotic pressure in the interstitial fluid that drives the fluid out of the capillaries (but is very low compared to BCOP and BHP)
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| show | "Net Filtration Pressure" - factors pushing out-> (BHP + IFOP) - (BCOP + IFHP) <- factors pulling in
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| show | Filtration
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| show | Reabsorption
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| show | NFP result (artery) + NFP result (vein) = Net Hydrostatic Pressue. Ex: 10+(-9)=1
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| What happens to escaping fluid out of your capillaries | show 🗑
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| show | Easily moves things across capillaries that are lipid soluble (O2/CO2.) Larger proteins will be help back (channels, clefts, fenestration's)
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| show | Moves material across in tiny vesicles by endocytosis/exocytosis (large lipid soluble molecules like insulin, albumin)
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| Filtration & absorption in capillary exchange | show 🗑
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| show | Circulatory shock, tissue necrosis, pulmonary edema (suffocation), cerebral edema (headache, seizure, coma)
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| show | Faster/veins
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| What is venous return dependent on | show 🗑
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| show | Longer/friction/increases
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| ___ miles of vessels for 1 pound of _____ | show 🗑
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| show | The blood is having to use more pressure to increase the velocity of blood flow and length it needs to travel
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| show | You will have increase in friction, decrease of flow resulting in increase in BP (dehydration & polycythemia)
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| What happens in smaller radii of vessels | show 🗑
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| What controls BP by changing its diameter | show 🗑
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| What are 3 reasons the blood flow from the aorta to the capillaries decreases | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Large amount of blood forced into smaller channels, 2. Never regains velocity of large arteries
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| The skeletal muscle pump process | show 🗑
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| show | Thoracic cavity expands when you breath, increasing the volume and decreasing the pressure, abdominal pressure increases, forcing blood upward
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| show | Neurogenic shock, loss of vasomotor tone, vasodilation (emotional shock - brain stem injury)
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| show | Pro-hormone released by liver which stimulates the release of Renin (kidney enzyme for low BP) and they together activate angiotensin 1
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| show | ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme in lungs, which blocks the enzyme lowering BP) converts angiotensin 1 into angiotensin 2
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| Angiotensin 2 | show 🗑
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| show | Angiotensin, aldosterone, ADH, Epinephrine & norepinephrine, atrial natiruretic factor
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| Atrial Natiruretic Factor Hormone and BP | show 🗑
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| show | Promotes Na+ and water retention by the kidneys, increases blood volume and pressure (activated by angiotensin 2)
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| ADH and BP | show 🗑
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