chapter 25
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Kidney Functions | show 🗑
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| Renin | show 🗑
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| Erythropoietin | show 🗑
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| Vascular Resistance in Microcirculation | show 🗑
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| Mechanisms of Urine Formation | show 🗑
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| show | Returns all glucose and amino acids, 99% of water, salt, and other components to the blood
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| Tubular Secretion | show 🗑
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| show | Passive process driven by hydrostatic pressure
Molecules >5 nm are not filtered (e.g., plasma proteins) and function to maintain colloid osmotic pressure of the blood
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| show | -Its filtration membrane is very permeable and it has a large
surface area
- Glomerular blood pressure is higher (55 mm Hg) than other
capillaries
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| show | The pressure responsible for filtrate formation (10 mm Hg)
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| Net Filtration Equation | show 🗑
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| show | Glomerular hydrostatic pressure (HPg) the chief force
Two opposing forces:
Colloid osmotic pressure of glomerular blood (OPg)
Capsular pressure (HPc)
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| Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) | show 🗑
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| show | - Total surface area available for filtration
- Filtration membrane permeability
- NFP
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| GFR mechanisms | show 🗑
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| show | Act locally within the kidney
Maintains a nearly constant GFR
Two types of renal autoregulation
- myogenic mechanism
- Tubuloglomerylar feedback mechanism, which senses changes
in the juxtaglomerular apparatus
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| show | Nervous and endocrine mechanisms that maintain blood pressure, but affect kidney function
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| Myogenic Mechanism | show 🗑
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| show | transcellular
paracellular
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| transcellular route (tubular reabsorption) | show 🗑
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| paracellular route (tubular reabsorption) | show 🗑
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| What gets reabsorbed in tubular reabsoption | show 🗑
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| urinary bladder function | show 🗑
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| show | - transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder
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| show | - transports urine from the bladder out of the body
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| kidney anatomy | show 🗑
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| show | - renal fascia
- perirenal fat capsule
- fibrous capsule
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| Renal fascia | show 🗑
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| Perirenal fat capsule | show 🗑
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| show | - Prevents spread of infection to kidney
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| show | - A granular superficial region
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| show | - The cone-shaped medullary (renal) pyramids separated by renal
columns
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| Lobe | show 🗑
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| Papillary | show 🗑
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| show | - The funnel-shaped tube within the renal sinus
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| show | - renal cortex
- renal medulla
- renal pelvis
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| show | - granular-appearing superficial region
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| show | - medullary renal pyramids: cone shaped
- pyramids separated by renal columns (made of cortical tissue)
- Lobe: medullary pyramid and its surrounding cortical tissue;
about eight lobes per kidney
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| Renal pelvis | show 🗑
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| Flow of urine | show 🗑
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| Blood and Nerve supply | show 🗑
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| Nephrons | show 🗑
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| Glomerular capsule | show 🗑
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| show | - single layer of epithelial cells
- Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
- Proximal, closest to renal corpuscle
- Nephron loop
- ascending and descending loops
- Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
- Distal, farthest from renal corpuscl
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| show | - Cuboidal cells
- Functions in reabsorption and secretion
- Confined to the cortex
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| Loop of Henle histology | show 🗑
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| show | - Cuboidal cells with very few microvilli
- Function more in secretion than reabsorption
- Confined to the cortex
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| Collecting ducts | show 🗑
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| intercalated cells | show 🗑
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| show | - Cuboidal cells without microvilli
- Help maintain the body’s water and salt balance
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| types of nephrons | show 🗑
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| show | - 85% of nephrons; almost entirely in the cortex
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| show | - Long loops of Henle deeply invade the medulla
- Extensive thin segments
- Important in the production of concentrated urine
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