medterm 15 bone anatomy & head
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| osteoblasts | cells that make bone
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| osteoclasts | bone phagocytes, cells that clear away old, dead tissue
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| ossification | bone formation
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| bone types | long, short, flat, sesamoid
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| sesamoid bones | small, round - resemble sesames, found near joints to incr efficiency of muscles there
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| bone drs | rheumatologist (not surgeon), orthopedist (surgeon), osteopathic phys (DO)(surgical)
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| diaphysis | shaft of long bone
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| epiphysis | end of long bone
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| epiphysis line | growth plate
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| metaphysis | neck of long bone (flare)
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| periosteum | strong, fibrous, vascular membrane covering bone
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| articular cartilage | covers joints that meet other bones (cartilage)
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| compact bone | cortical (hard, dense bone under periosteum, contains canals
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| haversian canals | in compact bone, brings blood, ox and nutriesnt to bone, removes waste (CO2)
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| medullary cavity | contains yellow marrow
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| cancellous bone | spongy or trabecualr bone, more porous & dense than compact
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| trabeculae | spongy latticework, inepiphyses & metaphyses of long bone
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| red bone marrow | immature & mature blood cells (osteoblasts) found in spaces of cancellous bones
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| bone processes | enlarged areas extending out of bone for muscle & tendons to attach to
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| bone head | process- rounded end separated from bone body by neck, covered w cartilage
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| femoral head | bone head of femur
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| greater trochanter | lg process on femur - attach area for muscles & tendons
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| lesser trochanter | smaller process than greater trochanter
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| tubercle | rounded process
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| tuberosity | small rounded elevation of bone
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| condyle | rounded, knuckle like process at joint, usually covered w articular cartilage
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| fossa | shallow cavity in or on bone (depression on bone)
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| foramen | opening for blood vessels & nerves (eg: open in skull for spinal column)
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| foramen magnum | opening in skull - occipital bone -for spinal cord to pass through to brain
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| fissure | narrow, deep slit like opening (eg: superior orbital in eyesocket)
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| sinus | hollow cavity in bone (in facial bones)
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| sutures | joints - where the cranial bones join tog
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| fontanelles | soft spot on baby head (little fountain)
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| frontal bone | skull - front
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| parietal bone | roof of skull
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| temporal | around ears
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| occipital | back & base of skull
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| sphenoid bone | batshaped - lays infront of temporal & behind eyes
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| ethmoid bone | thin, delicate supports nasal cavity & part of eye orbits
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| temporomandibular joint | TMJ - connection temporal - mandibular joint
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| mastoid process | round process of temporal
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| styloid process | projects downward fr temporal bone
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| sella turcica | depression in sphenoid bone
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| nasal bones | 2 slender bones support bridge of nose
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| lacrimial | 2 sm thin bones at corner of eye (tear gland area)
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| maxillary | 2 upper jawbone (maxillae)
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| cleft palate | maxillary bones do not suture < birth
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| mandibular bone | lower jawbone (mandible)
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| alveoli | sockets in maxillary and mandibular for teeth to form
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| zygomatic bones | 2 high cheeks
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| vomer | thin single flat bone forms lower nasal septum
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| sinuses | air cavities w/in cranial & facial bones
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