Muscle System
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| Muscular System | show 🗑
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| show | Assists in body movements; assists in the movement of materials to the body; produces heat and energy; assists in maintaining posture and balance; helps to protect the internal organs
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| Skeletal muscle tissue | show 🗑
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| show | functioning under the conscious control of the organism
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| show | functioning without the conscious control of the organism
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| show | consisting of narrow bands or rows
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| show | is voluntary; is non striated, consisting of spindle shaped cells; is found in the viscera, especially the stomach, intestines, urinary ducts, and blood vessels; contracts slowly in response to stimulation to nerve impulses
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| Viscera | show 🗑
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| show | Is involuntary; is partially striated; found only in the heart; contracts moderately fast in response to stimulation to nerve impulses
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| Origin | show 🗑
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| show | the end of a skeletal muscle attachment that is attached to the more movable bone
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| show | the largest or the main part of a skeletal muscle
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| show | enclosed in the epimysium, which is continuous with the fibrous structures that attach the muscles to bones and other structures
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| show | a fibrous sheath that enfolds a skeletal muscle and extends over the origin and insertion and between bundles of muscle fibers
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| Skeletal muscles are | show 🗑
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| show | may be attached directly to the periostium of a bone or may be attached by tendons or aponeuroses
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| Periostium | show 🗑
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| show | a structure in which the epimysium extends from the muscles as a broad, flat sheet of connective tissue that attaches to an adjacent structure; one of many white, glistening fibrous bands of tissue that attach muscle to bone
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| show | –structure which the epimysium extends from the muscle a strong,tough cord of connective tissue is continuous with the periostium of the bone;strong sheet of fibrous connective tissue serves as a tendon 2 attach muscles 2 bone or fascia 2 bind muscle
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| show | to electrical impulses, either the natural stimulus of a motor nerve Impulse or an artificial stimulus such as electrical shock
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| Muscles that move | show 🗑
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| show | is caused by muscles pulling on bones
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| Body movements | show 🗑
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| show | generally mean that one muscle contracts while the other relaxes
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| Normal movements of body parts | show 🗑
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| show | in muscles is released from simple sugars through metabolism
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| Irritability | show 🗑
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| show | the ability to transmit impulses
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| show | the ability to stretch and remain stretched
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| Elasticity | show 🗑
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| Contractility | show 🗑
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| show | the slight tension that is present in muscles even when they are at rest so that they can respond more easily and quickly when needed
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| Abductor | show 🗑
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| Adductor | show 🗑
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| Levator | show 🗑
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| Depressor | show 🗑
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| Flexor | show 🗑
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| Extensor | show 🗑
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| show | performs medial rotation, revolving a part on its axis, or lateral
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| show | performs protraction, moving a part forward
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| show | performs retraction, moving a part back
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| show | performs inversion, turning a part upside down or inside out
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| Evertor – performs eversion, turning or rotating a part outward | show 🗑
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| Supinator – performs supination, turning a part upward | show 🗑
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| Tensor – performs tension, making a part more rigid | show 🗑
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| Agonist – a muscle or group of muscles that create a specific movement by flexing | show 🗑
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| Antagonist – a muscle or group of muscles that when flexed directly oppose prime mover muscles | show 🗑
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| Fixator – a muscle or group of muscles that stabilize a joint, helping to maintain posture and balance during the action of prime mover muscles | show 🗑
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| Head and face muscles – control talking, chewing, swallowing, facial expressions, and blinking | show 🗑
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| Back muscles – allow the body to bend, turn, and stand erect | show 🗑
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| Perineal muscles – assist in defecation and urination and form the floor of the pelvic cavity | show 🗑
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| Frontalis – wrinkles the forehead horizontally | show 🗑
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| Temporalis – closes the mandible | show 🗑
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| Buccinator – moves the lips for blowing, wistling, and smiling | show 🗑
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| Trapezius – moves the shoulders by raising, assists in moving the head to one side or the other, hyperextends the head when the occiput acts as insertion, and helps hold the head erect | show 🗑
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| Sternocleidomastoid – rotates the head from side to side, flexes the upper vertebral column and head as in bowing the head, and helps hold the head erect | show 🗑
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| Platysma – acts to wrinkle the skin in the neck and depresses the mandible | show 🗑
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| Occiput – the back of the head | show 🗑
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| Clavicle – the collarbone | show 🗑
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| Sternum – the breast bone | show 🗑
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| Mandible – the lower jaw bone | show 🗑
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| Serratus anterior – rotates the scapula and raises the shoulder, as in full flexion and abduction of the arm | show 🗑
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| Intercostals – elevate and depress the ribs | show 🗑
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| Diaphragm – conracts and relaxes to cause inhalation and exhalation | show 🗑
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| External oblique – compresses the abdomen and rotates the trunk laterally | show 🗑
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| Transverse abdominis – compresses the abdomen and rotates the trunk laterally | show 🗑
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| Rectus abdominus – compresses the abdomen and rotates the trunk laterally and flexes the trunk laterally | show 🗑
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| Levator ani – forms the floor of the pelvic cavity and supports the organs | show 🗑
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| Deep transverse perinei – forms the floor of the pelvic cavity | show 🗑
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| Brachialis – flexes the pronated forearm | show 🗑
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| Pollicis muscles – control thumb movements | show 🗑
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| Gluteas maximus – helps maintain an erect posture and extends and rotates the thigh | show 🗑
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| Gluteas medius – abducts the thigh, rotates the thigh outward, and stabilizes the pelvis on the femur | show 🗑
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| Quadricepts fomoris – extends the leg | show 🗑
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| Hamstring – flexes the lower leg | show 🗑
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| Tibialis anterior – flexes the foot and inverts the ankle | show 🗑
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| Soleus – inverts the ankle | show 🗑
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| Flexor digitorum – flexes the toes | show 🗑
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| Extensor digitorum – extends the toes | show 🗑
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| Atrophy – a condition of weakness in a muscle due to lack of use | show 🗑
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| Asynchronous contraction – the flexing of the muscles at unexpected or undesired times | show 🗑
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| Strain – a condition in which the muscle fibers have been overstretched or torn | show 🗑
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| Contusion – localized internal bleeding within a muscle | show 🗑
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| Hernia – a protrusion of an abdominal organ, such as the small intestine, due to weakness in the abdominal muscles | show 🗑
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| Tetanus – the inability of the muscles to relax due to the presence of a toxin | show 🗑
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| Botulism – an infection by an organism that releases a toxin that prevents muscle contraction | show 🗑
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