Chapter 27 Respiratory System
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| What is the function of nose | organ of smell, passageway for air, assist with sound
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| What is the function of pharynx | acts as passageway for air and food, assist with speech
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| What is the function of larynx | production of vocal sounds
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| WHat is the function of the trachea | breathing
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| What is the function of the bronchi | providing passageway for air between the trachea and lungs
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| What is the function of the lungs | 1. Supply oxygen 2. Remove wastes and toxins 3. DEfend against hostile intruders
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| What is ventilation? | movement to and from the alveoli
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| What is the diaphragm? | dome shaped muscle located below the lungs
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| Where are the intercostal muscles | located between the ribs
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| What is atmospheric pressure | the pressure of the air around us
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| What is intrapleural pressure | the pressure within the potential pleural space between the parietal and visceral pleura
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| What is intrapulmonic pressure | the pressure within the bronchial tree and alveoli
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| Tidal volume | volume of air entering or leaving the lungs during a single breath
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| inspiratory reserve volume | volume of air that can be inspired over and above the resting tidal volume
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| expiratory reserve volume | volume of air that can be expired after a normal expiration
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| residual volume | volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal expiration
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| inspiratory capacity | maximum volume that can be expired after a maximal inspiration
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| vital capacity | maximum volume that can be expired after a maximal inspiration
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| functional residual capacity | volume of air left in the lungs after a normal expiration
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| total lung capacity | volume of the lungs when fully inflated
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| Respiratory rate | number of breaths per minute
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| minute ventilation | total volume of air expired per minute
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| dead space | volume of inspired air that is not available for gas exchange
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| alveolar ventilation | volume of air that reaches the alveoli per minute
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| asthma | chronic inflammatory disease typically caused when allergens or other irritating substances cause swelling in the lining of the trachea and bronchial tubes
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| COPD | chronic obstruction of air flow through the airways and out of the lungs
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| bronchitis | inflammation of the mucous membrane in the lungs' bronchial passages
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| Emphysema | progressive disease of the lung that primarily causes SOB
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| common cold | infection of the upper respiratory tract
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| cystic fibrosis | chronic, progressive disease that causes mucus to become thick, dry, and sticky that builds up and clogs passages in many body organs
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| hay fever | seasonal allergic rhinitis
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| influenza | viruses that infect the respiratory tract
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| Legionnaire's disease | type of pneumonia or lung infection
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| lung cancer | leading cause of cancer deaths in both men and women in the US
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| pleurisy | inflammation of the lungs
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| pulmonary edema | caused by fluid accumulation in the lungs
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| pulmonary embolism | blood clot in the lung
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| SARS | spread mainly through contact with infected saliva or droplets from coughing
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| sinusitis | infection or inflammation of the mucous membranes that line the inside of the nose and sinuses
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| tuberculosis | contagious disease caused by the bacillus mycobacterium tuberculiosis
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| what is hemoptysis | coughing up blood
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| What organs make up the upper respiratory tract | nose and pharynx
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| what organs make up the lower respiratory tract | larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs
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| what are the two portions of the nose | external and internal
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| what are the 4 paranasal sinuses | maxillary, frontal, sphenoidal, ethmoidal
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| what are the 3 tonsils | adenoids, palatine, lingual
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| what are the 3 cartilaginous structures that protect the larynx | thyroid, epiglottic, cricoid
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| what protects the trachea | c-rings of cartilage
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| what is a precise sequence of events | inhalation
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| what is considered a passive process | expiration
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| where are respiratory centers located | brain stem
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| what is pleura | thin sheets of epithelium that cover the outer surface of the lungs
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| what is the pleural space | gap between the pleura
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| what is surfactant | fluid that fills the pleural space
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| what does the mediastinum contain | heart, trachea, esophagus and blood vessels
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| what are alveoli | small air sacs that support network of capillaries used for oxygen and carbon dioxide transfer
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| what are the respiratory muscles | diaphragm and intercostal muscles
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| where does the nose drain | paranasal sinuses
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| how do the sinuses decrease weight in the skull | creation of air pockets
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| what is the function of the tonsils | fight infection
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| how long is the pharynx | 5 in
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| what are the 3 parts of the pharynx | oropharynx, laryngopharynx, nasopharynx
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| what connects the trachea and esophagus | pharynx
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| which tonsils are referred to as "the tonsils" | palatine
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| how long are the lungs | 10-12 in
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| which lung is smaller | left
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| what is acute bronchitis | bronchitis that lasts less than 6 weeks
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| what is chronic bronchitis | bronchitis that recurs frequently for more than 2 years
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| what are cilia | hair-like projections
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Created by:
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