S2 Final Exam
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| The CNS refers to? | show 🗑
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| Describe ependymal cells. | show 🗑
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| show | Part of schwann cell external to the myelin sheath
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| show | neuron processes that convey incoming messages TOWARD the cell body
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| show | ganglia
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| Describe myelin. | show 🗑
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| Pacinian corpuscles are sensitive to? | show 🗑
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| show | connect the motor and sensory neurons in neural pathways
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| show | white matter-consists of dense collections of myelinated fibers gray matter-mostly unmyelinated fibers & cell bodies
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| show | myelinated
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| show | eye and nose
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| Which ion rapidly diffuses out into the tissue fluid immediately after an action potential? | show 🗑
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| show | interior is negatively charged & contains less sodium
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| How does the interior surface of a cell membrane of a depolarized neuron differ from the external environment? | show 🗑
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| When a nerve fiber is polarized, the concentration of _________ ions is higher on the outside of its membrane and ___________ is higher on the inside. | show 🗑
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| What is the correct sequence of events that follows a threshold potential? | show 🗑
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| Which is faster? A salutatory conduction on an unmyelinated fiber? | show 🗑
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| show | synapse
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| show | oily secretion that lubricates the eye
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| Tarsal glands are modified ________ glands. | show 🗑
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| An infection of the conjunctiva is commonly called? | show 🗑
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| Tears are produced by the lacrimal glands that are located where? | show 🗑
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| show | enzyme that destroys bacteria
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| show | lines the eyelids & covers part of the outer surface of the eyeball
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| The white of the eye is the? | show 🗑
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| The transparent central anterior portion of the sclera through which light passes is the? | show 🗑
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| show | choroid
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| show | optic disc
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| What is the iris? | show 🗑
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| The 3 sets of color receptors within the retina are sensitive to wavelengths of visible light that are: ??? | show 🗑
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| The greatest visual acuity is found at the? | show 🗑
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| show | lens
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| show | men
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| What is vitreous humor? | show 🗑
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| show | ability of the eye to focus specifically for close objects
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| What is convergence? | show 🗑
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| Is body coordination controlled by hormones? | show 🗑
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| show | negative
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| What changes follow the binding of a hormone to its target cells? | show 🗑
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| show | prostaglandins
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| Can steroids catalyze cyclic AMP? | show 🗑
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| The type of endocrine stimulus that involves changing levels of certain blood borne ions and nutrients is called? | show 🗑
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| show | hangs by a stalk from the inferior surface of the hypothalamus of the brain
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| What is the function of tropic hormones? | show 🗑
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| show | sterility
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| show | growth hormone, prolactin, FSH, LH, ICSH, TSH, ACTH
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| show | lutenizing hormone (LH)
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| show | interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH)
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| What substances are produced by the hypothalamus? | show 🗑
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| What is goiter? | show 🗑
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| show | stimulates contractions of the uterine muscle during labor, sexual relations; milk ejection
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| show | antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
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| Hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone may lead to? | show 🗑
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| Where is the thyroid gland located? | show 🗑
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| show | Thyroxine; triiodothyronine
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| Blood is what type of body tissue? | show 🗑
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| show | leukocytes (WBCs & Platelets)
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| What are the physical characteristics of blood? | show 🗑
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| show | clearish, white; 90% water; 7.35-7.45
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| Normal whole blood contains how many grams of hemoglobin per 100 mL? | show 🗑
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| What can lead to anemia? | show 🗑
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| There is an average of _________ WBCs per cubic millimeter of whole blood. | show 🗑
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| Which white blood cells are granulocytes? | show 🗑
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| show | parasitic worms
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| show | basophils
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| The type of leukocytes that become macrophages in the tissues are ____________. | show 🗑
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| show | megakaryocytes
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| The average functional life span of a RBC is? | show 🗑
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| show | reticulocyte
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| What hormone regulates erythrocyte production? | show 🗑
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| Describe the myocardium. | show 🗑
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| show | superior to the ventricles
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| Where is the tricuspid valve located? | show 🗑
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| show | oxygen-poor; pulmonary trunk
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| What type of blood is carried by the pulmonary vein? | show 🗑
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| show | 3; ventricle
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| show | coronary arteries
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| The crescent-shaped pacemaker of the heart that initiates depolarization under normal conditions is the ____________________. | show 🗑
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| show | heart rate that is usually substantially lower than normal
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| show | when the ventricle is in systole (contracting)
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| show | aorta
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| The volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle with each beat of the heart is called the ___________. | show 🗑
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| show | arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, vena cavae
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| An increase in parasympathetic activity causes a decrease in? | show 🗑
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| The fluid that is forced out of the capillary beds by hydrostatic and osmotic pressures and into the tissue spaces is called ______________. | show 🗑
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| Lymph flows _________ the heart. | show 🗑
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| show | right arm, and the right sides of the head and thorax
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| show | skeletal muscle contraction
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| Describe the structure of a lymph node. | show 🗑
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| show | no
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| What is the function of the thymus gland? | show 🗑
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| show | in the small intestine
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| Is lymph fluid produced by the skin? | show 🗑
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| show | body defense
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| What are nonspecific body defenses? | show 🗑
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| show | phagocytes, natural killer cells, inflammatory response, fever, chemical substances
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| show | 1. Redness 2. Heat 3. Swelling 4. Pain
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| After injury, the chemical alarm begins with _______ and ________. | show 🗑
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| What do the chemicals in the inflammatory process do? | show 🗑
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| show | diffuse to nearby cells and bind to their membrane receptors
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| The body's temperature regulator is located in the _____________ | show 🗑
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| show | increases metabolic rate of tissue cells; liver and spleen gather nutrients
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| show | Nose; pharynx; larynx; trachea
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| What are the functions of the conducting passageway? | show 🗑
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| Is the nasopharynx considered a part of the nose? | show 🗑
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| What is the function of cilia in the nasal mucosa? | show 🗑
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| What separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity? | show 🗑
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| Does the mandible contain sinuses? | show 🗑
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| Do the paranasal sinuses have any olfactory functions? | show 🗑
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| The auditory tubes open into the? | show 🗑
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| Adenoids are also called? | show 🗑
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| show | vocal folds (vocal cords)
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| show | propel mucus loaded with debris away from the lungs to the throat
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| show | right is shorter, wider, straighter
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| show | left- 2 right- 3 TOTAL=5
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| Does the pleura produce a sticky mucus? | show 🗑
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| What type of epithelial cells comprise the walls of the alveoli? | show 🗑
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| What is the function of surfactant? | show 🗑
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| What is pulmonary ventilation? | show 🗑
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| Do the kidneys produce hormones necessary for digestion? | show 🗑
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| show | retro-peritoneal
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| The kidneys are aided in the excretion of fluids by the? | show 🗑
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| show | triangular regions that look striped and are separated by the RENAL column
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| What is the correct pathway for arterial blood supply through the kidney? | show 🗑
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| show | closed end of renal tubule that is enlarged, cup shaped, and completely surrounded by the glomerulus
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| How many nephrons are in a kidney? | show 🗑
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| Starting from the glomerular capsule, the correct order of the renal tubule regions is: | show 🗑
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| show | enlarged and cup-shaped
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| show | high
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| Of the capillary beds associated with each nephron, the one that is both fed and drained by arterioles is the _____________. | show 🗑
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| show | filtration
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| What is the pH of urine normally? | show 🗑
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| Is creatine found normally in urine? | show 🗑
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| show | 1.001-1.035
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| show | no
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| show | use of ultrasound waves to shatter kidney stones
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| show | testes
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| show | fertilized egg
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| What is the exocrine function of the male testes? | show 🗑
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| show | seminiferous tubules
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| Androgens like testosterone are produced by? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. epididymic 2. ductus deferens 3. urethra
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| Where is the spermatic cord? | show 🗑
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| Where is the membranous urethra located? | show 🗑
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| What are the components of semen? | show 🗑
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| show | seminal vesicles
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| The fluid from the prostate gland does what? | show 🗑
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| What is the normal pH of semen? | show 🗑
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| show | 20 million
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| show | puberty
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| show | stem cells that go through mitotic divisions that begins sperm formation
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| show | stem cell (type A daughter cell) and another cell (type B daughter cell)
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| The final outcome of meiosis is how many cells? | show 🗑
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| How many chromosomes are in an ovum? | show 🗑
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| show | no
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| The process of spermatogenesis takes how long? | show 🗑
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| show | deepening of voice, hair growth, enlargement of skeletal muscles, increased heaviness of skeleton
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| show | fallopian tubes
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| How long is the journey of the oocyte from the uterine tube to the uterus following ovulation? | show 🗑
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| Describe the fundus of the uterus. | show 🗑
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| What part of the uterus is sloughed off during menses? | show 🗑
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| A vasectomy is performed on a (man/woman)? | show 🗑
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| show | using drugs to shrink it; inserting small balloon to compress prostate tissue away from urethra; radiation inserted by needle
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| What hormone is responsible for ovulation? | show 🗑
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| show | 28
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| What occurs during the proliferative stage? | show 🗑
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| show | enlargement of accessory organs, development of breasts, axillary and pubic hair, fat, widening of pelvis, menstrual cycle
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| What hormone does the corpus luteum primarily produce? | show 🗑
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| show | sweat
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| show | lobules
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| For women 40-49, how often is a mammogram recommended? | show 🗑
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| For a sperm cell to fertilize an ovum, sexual intercourse must occur no more than ____ hours before ovulation. | show 🗑
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| show | hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
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| When (in weeks) is the placenta functioning? | show 🗑
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| All organ systems are laid down, and the embryo looks human by about which week? | show 🗑
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| What is the functional junction between two neurons? | show 🗑
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| What is essential for nerve impulse propagation? | show 🗑
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| What structures are considered the "refracting portion" of the eye? | show 🗑
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| show | cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor
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| show | lutenizing hormone
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| show | red blood cell (erythrocytes)
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| Do mature red blood cells contain organelles? | show 🗑
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| Do white blood cells initiate the clotting process? | show 🗑
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| In adults, does blood cell formation occur in the shaft of the femur? | show 🗑
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| show | hemocytoblasts
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| show | left atrium
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| show | no. pulmonary circulation.
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| show | ventricle; atrium
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| show | pulmonary arteries/trunk
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| What causes the lub-dup sound of the heart? | show 🗑
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| show | no. different structurally.
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| show | nasopharynx
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| What passive process allows for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the respiratory membrane? | show 🗑
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| Most nephrons are located within the renal _____________, | show 🗑
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| The peritubular capillaries arise from the ___________, which drains the glomerulus. | show 🗑
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| show | yes
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