Vocabulary
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| show | The primary function of the cardiovascular system is to circulate oxy-gen-rich blood throughout the body.
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| show | Pumps blood throughout the body.
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| Blood vessels | show 🗑
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| Blood | show 🗑
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| Apex | show 🗑
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| show | A thin, protective sac that surrounds the heart.
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| show | The space between the pericardium and the epicardium.
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| show | A serous (thin, watery) layer that forms the innermost layer of the pericardium, the sac surrounding the heart.
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| show | A layer of cardiac muscle that makes up the middle of the heart.
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| show | The innermost layer that lines the four chambers (two atria and two ventricles) and covers the valves of the heart.
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| show | Divides the organ into the right heart and the left heart, effectively creating a double pump.
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| atrioventricular (AV) valves | show 🗑
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| show | The right AV valve; has three flaps
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| show | Three
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| show | The left AV valve; has two flaps
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| show | Situated in the aorta and the other in the pulmonary artery.
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| pulmonary semilunar valve (or pulmonary valve) | show 🗑
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| aortic semilunar valve (or aortic valve) | show 🗑
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| auscultation | show 🗑
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| Circulation | show 🗑
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| show | The term for the functional interrelationship between the heart and the lungs
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| show | Blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart.
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| right atrium | show 🗑
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| show | Vein that brings blood from upper body to right atrium.
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| show | Vein that brings blood from lower body to right atrium.
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| show | Lower right heart chamber that pumps blood to lungs.
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| show | Artery that carries blood from right ventricle to lungs.
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| pulmonary arteries | show 🗑
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| show | Oxygen is delivered to the body's other tissues and cells.
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| show | Pathway of oxygenated blood from left ventricle to body and back to right atrium.
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| show | Upper left heart chamber that receives oxygenated blood.
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| show | Lower left heart chamber that pumps oxygenated blood to body.
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| show | Carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the organs, tissues, and cells of the body.
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| arterioles | show 🗑
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| venules | show 🗑
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| show | carry oxygen-poor blood to the heart.
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| superior vena cava | show 🗑
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| show | Receives blood from the abdominopelvic organs and the lower extremities and empties the blood into the right atrium.
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| Conduction | show 🗑
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| nodal system | show 🗑
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| show | The pacemaker of the heart.
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| atrioventricular (AV) node | show 🗑
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| show | Carries electrical signals to ventricles.
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| show | Carries signals to left and right ventricles.
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| Purkinje fibers | show 🗑
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| show | Contraction of the ventricles
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| diastole | show 🗑
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| show | The pressure exerted by the blood against the wall of an artery or vein.
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| show | A measurement of blood pressure while the heart ventricles are contracting.
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| show | A measurement of blood pressure between heartbeats-that is, when the heart is "resting" between contractions.
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| show | An instrument used to measure blood pressure.
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| aneurysm | show 🗑
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| show | Condition characterized by severe, constricting pain or pressure in the chest; often referred to as angina pectoris.
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| arrhythmia | show 🗑
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| bradycardia | show 🗑
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| show | Rapid, spontaneous contractions of the muscle fibers in the atria or ventricles; atrial fibrillation or ventricular fibrillation.
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| flutter | show 🗑
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| premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) | show 🗑
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| tachycardia | show 🗑
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| arteriosclerosis | show 🗑
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| atherosclerosis | show 🗑
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| show | Pathological condition in which excess fluid accumulates in the pericardium.
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| show | Condition of diseased heart muscle.
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| show | Disease resulting from reduced blood flow from the heart; characterized by weakness, breathlessness, abdominal discomfort, and edema in the lower extremities.
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| Normal coronary artery | show 🗑
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| show | Plaque buildup narrows the lumen (cavity) of the artery
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| show | Plaque increasing
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| Atherosclerosis with blood clot | show 🗑
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| coronary artery disease (CAD) | show 🗑
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| cyanosis | show 🗑
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| show | Mass of solid, liquid, or gas that travels through the bloodstream, causing occlusion (obstruction) of a blood vessel.
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| show | Inflammation of the inner layer of the heart muscle.
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| show | Abnormal sound heard during auscultation of the heart, such as a whooshing sound created by a valve not completely closing. Most heart murmurs are harmless.
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| show | Condition of higher-than-normal blood pressure.
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| show | Condition of lower-than-normal blood pressure.
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| show | Condition in which the mitral valve between the left atrium (left upper chamber) and the left ventricle (left lower chamber) doesn't close properly; may cause blood leakage back into the left atrium.
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| myocardial infarction (MI) | show 🗑
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| myocarditis | show 🗑
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| pericarditis | show 🗑
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| show | Disease in which narrowing of the arteries results in decreased blood flow to the extremities, causing intermittent calf pain, called claudication during walking or exercise.
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| show | Clinical syndrome in which peripheral blood flow is insufficient to return blood to the heart for normal function. Shock is initially characterized by agitation; anxiety or restlessness;.
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| show | Inflammation of a vein caused by the formation of a thrombus (clot).
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| thrombus | show 🗑
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| show | Enlarged, twisted, superficial veins, most commonly seen in the lower extremities.
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| show | A congenital heart disease that affects some 5 of every 10,000 infants.
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| A large ventricular septal defect (VSD) | show 🗑
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| show | Narrowing of the pulmonary valve and the pulmonary artery, causing insufficient blood flow to the lungs.
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| show | Enlargement of the muscle of the right ventricle, due to increased pressure from pumping blood to the lungs.
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| An overriding aorta | show 🗑
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| angiogram | show 🗑
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| show | Process of listening to the internal sounds of the body using a stethoscope.
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| blood pressure (BP) | show 🗑
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| cardiac catheterization | show 🗑
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| Doppler sonography, Doppler ultrasound | show 🗑
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| echocardiogram/ multigated acquisition | show 🗑
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| electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) | show 🗑
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| show | A machine that continuously records cardiac rhythms.
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| show | Noninvasive procedure in which a radioactive substance called a tracer is injected into a patient to produce images of the left or right ventricle of the heart.
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| show | An imaging test that uses a radioactive substance called a tracer to look for disease or poor blood flow in the heart. helpful for diagnosing heart damage or Scar tissue.
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| show | The rhythmic throbbing generated by contractions of the heart; detected over the major arteries of the body.
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| show | A procedure that tests how efficiently the heart pumps blood
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| show | Method of evaluating a patient's cardiovascular fitness during exercise, usually on a treadmill.
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| show | Procedure in which a radioactive substance is injected into a vein near the end of a stress test to aid in identifying the sizes of the heart chambers, how well the heart is pumping blood, and whether the heart has any damaged or dead tissue.
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| cardioversion | show 🗑
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| show | A shunt (passageway), established surgically, that allows blood to travel from the aorta to a branch of the coronary artery at a point beyond an obstruction
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| show | Procedure used to stop atrial or ventricular fibrillation.
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| endarterectomy | show 🗑
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| heart transplantation | show 🗑
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| show | An electrical device that is implanted in the chest or abdomen to control abnormal cardiac rhythms through a series of electrical discharges.
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| Vein graft | show 🗑
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| show | artery relocated from chest wall.
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| show | A minimally invasive procedure for opening up blocked coronary arteries, allowing blood to circulate unobstructed to the heart muscle
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| show | making angiotensin II, a hormone that causes blood vessels to constrict (narrow).
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| show | Medication used to prevent or alleviate angina (spasmodic chest pain).
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| show | An agent used to alleviate or prevent cardiac arrhythmia.
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| anticoagulant | show 🗑
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| antihypertensive | show 🗑
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| beta blocker | show 🗑
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| calcium channel blocker | show 🗑
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| show | Medication that helps reduce excess water in the body.
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| show | Medication used to reduce lipid concentrations in the blood serum (blood plasma without clotting factors).
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| show | Medications that help dissolve blood clots.
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| vasoconstrictor | show 🗑
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| AV | show 🗑
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| show | blood pressure
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| show | beats per minute
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| show | coronary artery bypass graft
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| show | coronary artery disease
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| show | congestive heart failure
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| show | cardiovascular
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| show | electrocardiogram
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| HTN | show 🗑
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| ICD | show 🗑
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| LAD | show 🗑
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| MI | show 🗑
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| mmHg | show 🗑
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| MUGA | show 🗑
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| show | peripheral artery disease
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| show | positron emission tomography
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| PTCA | show 🗑
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| show | premature ventricular contractions
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| show | sinoatrial
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| VSD | show 🗑
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| show | Organs that bring oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide through breathing.
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