mrs fontaine's study guide for midterms
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| anchoring protein | a type of protein that attachs cell membranes to one another or to internal or external structures
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| carrier-mediated | to carry throughout
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| integral proteins | structural components of membrane; span the entire width of the membrane one or more times and are therefore known as transmembrane proteins
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| peripheral proteins | attach to the inner or outer surfaces of the membrane and are easily removed
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| channels | transport proteins that forms a passageway that permits the movement of water and small solutes across the cell membrane; have two major types: leak(permit continuous passive movement) and gated(close or open to regulate ion movement)
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| phospholipid | an important membrane lipid whose structure includes both hydrophilic and hydophobic regions
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| diffusion | passive molecular movement from an area of relatively high concentration to an area of relatively low concentration
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| osmosis | the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from one solution toward another solution that contains a higher solute concentration
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| osmolarity | the total concentration of dissolved materials in a solution, regardless of their specific identities, expressed in moles
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| hypertonic | in comparing two solutions, the solution with the higher molarity
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| endocytosis | the movement of relatively large volumes of extracellular material into the cytoplasm vua the formation of membraneous vesicle at the cell surface; includes pinocytosis and phagocytosis
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| exocytosis | the ejection of cytoplasmic materials by the fusion of membraneous vesicle with the cell membrane
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| hydrophilic | freely associating with water; readily entering into solution (HEADS)
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| hydrophobic | incapable of freely associating with water molecules; insoluble (TAILS)
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| cytosol | the fluid in the portion of the cytoplasm
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| concentration | amount (in grams) or number of atoms, ions, or molecules (in moles) per unit volume
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| glycocalyx | a carbohydrate-enriched coating that covers the outside of many eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells, particularly bacteria
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| potential difference | the seperation of opposite charges; requires a barrier that prevents ion migration
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| vesicular transport | transmembrane or membrane associated protein which regulates or facilitates the movement by vesicles of the contents of the cell.
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| integumentary system | functions of this system include protection from environment; structures of this body system include cutaneous membrane (skin), hair, nails, and exocrine glands
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| muscular system | functions of this system include locomotion and heat production; structures of this system include skeletal muscles, tendons, and aponeuroses
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| endocrine system | structures of this system include the pineal gland, pitutitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, thymus, adrenal glands, kidneys, pancreas, and gonads; functions include directing long-term changes
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| cardiovascular system | structures of this system include heart, blood vessels, and blood; functions of this system include the internal transport of materials
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| respiratory system | structures of this system include nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, and alveoli;functions include delivery for air and gas exchange
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| urinary system | structures of this system include kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra; functions include elimination of excess water
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| reproductive system | structures of this system include (for males) testes, accessory organs, and external genitalia (for females) ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, external gentalia, and mammary glands; functions include production of sex cells
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| skeletal system | structures of this system include bones (206), cartilages, ligaments, and bone marrow; functions include support and protection
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| nervous system | structures of this system include central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS); functions of this system include maintaining homeostasis, responding rapidly, directing very specific responses to stimuli
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| lymphatic system | structures of this system include lymphatic muscles, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus; functions of this system include defense against infection and disease
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| digestive system | structures if this system include salivary glands, pharnyx , esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas; functions of this system include processing of food
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