Muscle Origins, Insertions, Actions, and Nerve Innervations
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| O. Anterior superior iliac spine I. Upper medial shaft of tibia A. Assist flexion of femur, assist abduction of femur, assist flexion of knee, assist medial rotation of tibia when knee is flexed and foot is unweighted. N. femoral nerve (L2,3) | show 🗑
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| The longest muscle in the body, it is the most superficial thigh muscle and forms the lateral border of the femoral triangle. Name derived from Latin word for tailor, sartor, to indicate its action of bringing the leg into a x-legged sitting position. | show 🗑
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| show | Psoas Major
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| O. iliac fossa of ilium I. Lesser trochanter of femur A. Flexion of femur N. femoral nerve (L2,3) | show 🗑
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| show | Quadriceps Femoris Group
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| O. Anterior inferior iliac spine Ilium @ upper rim of acetabulum I. Patella Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament N. Femoral nerve (L2,3,4) | show 🗑
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| The only muscle in the quadriceps group that originates on the pelvis and crosses both the hip and knee joints. Its combined actions bring the leg forward in walking. When the insertion is fixed, the muscle extends the knee as seen in jumping. | show 🗑
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| show | Vastus Medialis
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| O. Linea aspera of femor Greater trochanter of femur I. Patella Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament A. Extension of knee N. Femoral nerve (L2,3,4) | show 🗑
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| O. Ant. and lateral femoral shaft I. Patella Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament A. Extension of knee N. Femoral nerve (L2,3,4) | show 🗑
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| show | Vastus lateralis
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| show | Pectineus
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| show | Pectineus
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| Medial thigh muscles that adduct the femur. | show 🗑
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| show | Pectineus
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| show | Adductor Magnus
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| Superficial to adductor magnus and deep to adductor longus and pectineus. | show 🗑
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| show | Adductor Longus
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| show | Gracilis
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| O. Anterior pubis- body, inferior to pubic crest I. Linea aspera of femur- middle one third A. Adduction of femur, assist flexion of femur N. Obturator nerve (L2,3,4) | show 🗑
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| O. Anterior pubis- body and inferior ramus I. Linea aspera of femur- proximal part, Pectineal line of femur A. Adduction of femur, assist flexion of femur N. Obturator nerve (L2,3,4) | show 🗑
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| show | Adductor Longus
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| show | Adductor Longus
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| Referred to as the "short adductor" | show 🗑
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| show | Gracilis
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| The only muscle in the adductor group to cross the hip and knee joints. | show 🗑
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| show | Gracilis
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| show | Gluteus Maximus
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| show | Gluteus Maximus
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| show | Gluteus Medius
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| When standing on one foot,_____________ contracts on that side to help stabilize the pelvis and prevent it from tilting on the unsupported side. Paralysis of this muscle on one side will cause the pelvis to tilt towards the uninvolved side in walking. | show 🗑
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| show | Gluteus Minimus
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| show | Gluteus Minimus
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| O. Iliac crest- post to ant sup iliac spine I. Iliotibial tract(attaches to lateral condyle of tibia) A. Assist: flexion, abduction, and med rotation of femur, stability of extended knee in standing and ambulation,extension of knee N. Sup glu | show 🗑
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| show | Piriformis
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| O. Ischial spine I. Greater trochanter of femur A. Lateral rotation of femur N. Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1) | show 🗑
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| show | Gemellus Inferior
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| O. Obturator foramen I. Greater trochanter of femur A. Lateral rotation of femur N. Nerve to obturator internus | show 🗑
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| show | Obturator Externus
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| show | Quadratus femoris
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| Lies between the rotators and piriformis and may be entrapped or compressed by piriformis | show 🗑
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| The ______________ is essential for hip extension for upright posture and may assist trunk extension at the hip joint when the thighs are fixed. | show 🗑
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| show | Hamstrings
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| show | Biceps Femoris: Long Head
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| show | Biceps femoris: Short Head
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| O. Ischial tuberosity I. Anterior proximal tibial shaft A. Extension of femur, Flexion of knee, Medial rotation of tibia when knee is flexed N. Sciatic nerve- tibial division (L5,S1,2) | show 🗑
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| O. Ischial tuberosity I. Posterior medial tibial condyle A. Extension of femur, Flexion of knee, Medial rotation of tibia when knee is flexed N. Sciatic nerve- tibial division (L5,S1,2) | show 🗑
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| Semitendinosus and semimembranosus insert _________ at the knee and account for the medial rotation of the tibia by the semimembranosus and semitendinosus. | show 🗑
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| Biceps femoris inserts ___________ at the knee and accounts for the lateral rotation of the tibia by the biceps femoris. | show 🗑
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| show | Tibialis Anterior
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| show | Tibialis Anterior
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| Paralysis of this muscle causes foot drop. | show 🗑
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| show | Tibialis Anterior
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| show | Extensor Digitorum Longus
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| show | Extensor Digitorum Longus
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| show | Extensor Hallucis Longus
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| show | Extensor Hallucis Longus
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| O. Anterior distal fibula (w/ extensor digitorum longus) I. Base of 5th metatarsal A. Eversion of foot, Assists dorsiflexion of foot N. Deep fibular nerve (L5,S1) | show 🗑
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| Considered to be part of extensor digitorum longus,________________ places the foot flat on the ground by raising the lateral border. It contracts reflexively when the foot is over-inverted thus preventing ankle injury. | show 🗑
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| show | Fibularis longus (Peroneus Longus)
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| O. Head and lateral shaft of fibula- upper2/3 I. Base of first metatarsal- plantar surface Medial cuneiform tarsal bone- plantar surface A. Eversion of foot, Assists plantarflexion of ankle N. Superficial fibular nerve (L5,S1) | show 🗑
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| show | Fibularis Brevis (Peroneus Brevis)
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| The action of the foot ____________ (as well as invertors) is especially helpful when walking or running on uneven surfaces. sometimes the muscles "give out," and a sprained ligament can result. | show 🗑
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| O. Medial head: Medial epicondyle of femur Lateral head: Lateral epicondyle of femur I. Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon (tendo Achilles) A. Plantarflexion of ankle, Assist flexion of knee N. Tibial nerve (S1,2) | show 🗑
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| This muscle can act on the knee or ankle separately, but not simultaneously, | show 🗑
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| show | Soleus
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| show | Triceps Surae
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| show | Soleus
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| O. Posterior tibia, Posterior fibula, Interosseous membrane I. Navicular tarsal bone, Adjacent tarsals and metatarsals on plantar surface A. Inversion of foot, Assist plantarflexion of ankle N. Tibial nerve (L4,5) | show 🗑
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| show | Tibialis Posterior
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| The most posterior and deep tendon of the three deep posterior calf muscle tendons that course around medial malleolus. | show 🗑
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| show | Tibialis Posterior
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| show | Flexor Digitorum Longus
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| show | Flexor Digitorum Longus
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| show | Flexor Hallucis Longus
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| show | Flexor Hallucis Longus
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| O. Lateral epicondyle of femur I. Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon A. Assists planterflexion of ankle, Assists flexion of knee N. Tibial nerve (S1,2) | show 🗑
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| Muscle that is superficial on the posterior of the knee joint, lying between the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles. | show 🗑
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| The lower extremity counterpart of palmaris longus of the hand and is absent in some persons. | show 🗑
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| Gastrocnemius, Soleus, and Plantaris share this common insertion. | show 🗑
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| O. Anterior calcaneus I. Extensor expansion of 4 medial toes A. Assists extension of 4 medial toes at MP joints, Assist extension of 4 medial toes at IP joints N. Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1) | show 🗑
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| show | Extensor hallucis Brevis
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| The belly of ___________ may be mistaken for swelling near the lateral malleolus and, when the muscle is bruised, it may become swollen and mistaken for an ankle sprain. | show 🗑
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| This muscle is comparable to the abductor pollicis brevis in the hand. | show 🗑
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| This muscle is comparable to flexor digitorum superficialis in the forearm. | show 🗑
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| show | Muscles of the Foot- Layer 1
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| show | Medial Plantar Nerve (S2,3)
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| show | Medial Plantar Nerve (S2,3)
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| Abductor Digiti Minimi is innervated by _____________________. | show 🗑
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| show | Muscles of the Foot- Layer 2
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| show | Flexor Digitorim Accessorius
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| The lumbricals are innervated by______________. | show 🗑
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| The Quadratus Plantae muscle is innervated by ____________. | show 🗑
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| show | Lumbricals
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| The ____________of the foot has no counterpart muscle in the hand and may be absent in some persons. | show 🗑
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| show | Muscles of the foot- Layer 3
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| show | Medial Plantar Nerve (S2,3)
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| show | Lateral Plantar Nerve (S2,3)
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| The Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis is innervated by ______________. | show 🗑
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| show | Flexor Hallucis Brevis
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| This muscle is comparable to adductor pollicis in the hand. | show 🗑
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| This muscle is comparable to flexor digiti minimi brevis in the hand. | show 🗑
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| Dorsal Interossei (4) N. Lateral plantar nerve (S2,3) Plantar Interossei (3) N. Lateral plantar nerve (S2,3) | show 🗑
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| The Dorsal Interossei (4) are innervated by _______________. | show 🗑
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| show | Lateral Plantar Nerve (S2,3)
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