MASH Questions for Anatomy Quiz 2
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| Muscle which originates from the anterior surface of the Sacrum and inserts into the upper part of the Greater Trochanter. | Piriformis
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| Action of the Gluteus Medius. | Abduction of femur and medial rotation of hip
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| Muscles which insert on the Iliotibial tract. (2) | Gluteus Maximus and Tensor Fasciae Latae
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| Origin of the Superior Gemellus muscle | Ischial spine
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| Deepest muscle at the posterior knee | Popliteus
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| Action of Plantaris | Knee flexion and plantarflexion of foot
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| Hamstring inserting on posterior medial Tibial Condyle | Semimembranosus
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| Action of Semitendinosus across the knee joint | Knee flexion and medial rotation of knee
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| Invertor of the foot innervated by the Tibial nerve | Tibialis Posterior
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| Common origin of the hamstrings | Ischial Tuberosity
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| Muscle which originates on the ischial tuberosity and inserts on the anterior proximal tibial shaft | Semitendinosus
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| Abdominal muscle that rotates the trunk to the opposite side | External Oblique
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| Origin of Adductor Longus | Anterior Pubis
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| The strongest hip flexor | Iliopsoas
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| Action of gracilis across the hip joint | Adduction of femur
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| Origin of the vastus medialis muscle | Linea aspera
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| Innervation of adductor magnus muscle | Obturator and sciatic
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| Muscle which lies immediately deep to adductor longus; it inserts on only a single bony landmark | Adductor brevis
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| Origin of the rectus femoris muscle | Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) and anterior acetabular rim
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| Dorsiflexor of the foot which inserts on the base of the 1st metatarsal and 1st cuneiform | Tibialis anterior
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| Innervation of extensor hallucis longus | Deep fibular nerve
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| Specific muscle that is located on the dorsum of the foot and originates from the anterior calcaneus | Extensor digitorum brevis
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| Action of peroneus (fibularis) longus | Eversion of foot, plantarflexion of foot
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| Give components which form the medial wall of the inquinal canal | Rectus sheath and conjoined tendon
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| Define the deep inquinal ring | Gap in the transversalis fascia
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| Specifically, what forms the important conjoined tendon? | Internal oblique and transversus abdominus
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| The tibial nerve passes immediately deep to this muscle during most of the inferior half of its course. | Soleus
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| Apart from muscular paralysis, injury to this specific nerve would present anesthesia of the skin in the small area (web) between the 1st and 2nd toes ONLY. | Deep fibular nerve
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| The only CUTANEOUS clinical sign a patient presents is complete loss of cutaneous sensation below the knee, except for an area along the medial part of the leg. This would indicate injury specifically to the _____ nerve. | Sciatic
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| Name the CUTANEOUS branches of the femoral nerve. Do NOT give articular. | Medial and intermediate cutaneous nerves; saphenous nerve
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| Nerve which passes along the medial side of the tendon of the biceps femoris, then curves around the neck of the fibula | Common fibular
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| Artery that specifically supplies the adductors, obturator externus, acetabulum, and head of the femur | Medial femoral circumflex
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| Name the DIRECT (immediate) branches of the dorsalis pedis artery. | Arcuate a.; 1st dorsal metatarsal a.; deep plantar a.
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| Specific vessel supplying skin of labia majora, perineum, and scrotum | Deep external pudendala
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| Specific landmark where popliteal artery BEGINS | Adductor hiatus
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| Assume you are constructing a body and want the STRONGEST POSSIBLE muscular performance across a particular joint. A) What type of muscle would you use, and B) How would you attach it? | A) Use pennate muscle
B) Attach it far from the joint
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| What is meant by a functional reversal of origin and insertion? | The origin of a muscle moves, and the insertion point remains stationary. Iliacus can be a hip flexor or flex the trunk.
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| Smallest fiber-like unit of a muscle visible to the naked eye (do NOT say fiber as your answer) | Fasicle
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| Define a tract. | A group of neuron fibers in the CNS
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| ________ are SPECIFIC TYPE receptors used for smell and taste. They are classified functionally as _____ (use letter classification) fibers. | Chemoreceptors
SVA
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| Define a ganglion. | A group of neuron cells in PNS
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| List the SPECIFIC effectors (as give in your lecture notes) innervated by the autonomic nervous system. | glands, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle
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| NAME & CLASSIFY (use 3 letter classification) the specific type of viscera receptor which deals with pain caused by distention. | Interoceptors
GVA
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| A patient presents a sprained ankle caused by excessive eversion. Give specific ligamentous damage. | Deltoid ligament
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| A ligament deep tot the dorsal sacroiliac ligament, located in the deep groove between the sacum and ilium | interosseus sacroiliac ligament
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| Name the EVERTORS of the foot. | Fibularis longus, Fibularis brevis, Fibularis tertius
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| Name the intrinsic muscles of the plantar foot that form the 3rd layer. | Flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi brevis
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| Name the INVERTORS of the foot. | Tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior
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| Muscle which originates on the proximal ischial tuberosity and inserts on the medial greater trochanter | Gemellus inferior
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| Lateral rotator of the the hip supplied by the obturator nerve | Obturator externus
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| NERVE of the muscle that 'unlocks' the knee joint | Tibial nerve
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| Name the muscles whose tendons pass behind the medial malleolus. List them from POSTERIOR TO ANTERIOR AS THEY PASS AROUND the malleolus. | Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis posterior
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| Origin of the gastrocnemius (BE SPECIFIC) | Lateral head - lateral epicondyle of the femur
Medial head - medial epicondyle of the femur
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| Action of the gastrocnemius | Plantarflexion of the ankle and assists flexion of the knee
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| Insertion of the iliopsoas | Lesser trochanter of the femur
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| Action of the rectus femoris | Flexion of hip and extension of knee
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| Origin of the psoas major muscle | T12-L5 vertebrae
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| Insertion of pectineus | Pectineal line and linea aspera of femur
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| Innervation of the sartorius muscle | Femoral nerve
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| Most superficial and medial thigh adductor | Gracilis
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| Muscle which originates from the anterior distal fibula (with extensor digitorum longus) and inserts into the base of the 5th metatarsal | Fibularis (peroneus) tertius
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| Insertion of peroneus (fibularis) brevis | Base of the 5th metatarsal - plantar surface
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| Origin of the external oblique | Costal cartilage of ribs 5-12
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| Portion of the spermatic cord derived from the aponeurosis of the external oblique | External spermatic fascia
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| The deep fibular nerve runs immediately anterior to this structure through most of its course (Do NOT list a vessel) | Interosseous membrane
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| The femoral nerve carries fibers from these specific spinal cord segments | L2, L3, & L4
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| Muscle in which the common peroneal (fibular) nerve divides into its terminal branches | Fibularis (peroneus) longus
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| The tibial nerve terminates as the________. | Medial plantar nerve and lateral plantar nerve
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| The ONLY muscular clinical sign a patient presents is involuntary inversion of the foot and foot drop. This would indicate injury specifically to the __________ nerve. | Common fibular or peroneal
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| Superficial vein which drains the lateral part of the foot and the posterior leg | Small saphenous vein
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| Arises directly from the arcuate artery | Dorsal metatarsal aa.
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| Name the vessels which help to form the cruciate anastomosis. | Medial femoral circumflex a.
Lateral femoral circumflex a.
1st perforating a.
Inferior gluteal a.
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| Besides being external to the epimysium and sometimes fused to it, give two other characteristics of the deep fascia. | 1) it separates muscles into functional compartments (intermuscular septa)
2) It separates individual muscles to allow them to move more freely
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| Make a flow chart showing the SIMPLEST SEQUENCE of function of the nervous system. | Stimulus >> Sensory Neuron (afferent) >>Motor Neuron (efferent) >> Effector organ
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| ______(Use letter classification) motor fibers have a ganglion intermediate and SPECIFICALLY innervate ______. | GVE
Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands
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| List the basic MOTOR functions of the nervous system | Muscular contraction and glandular secretion
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| Name the muscles forming the 1st layer in the plantar foot. | Abductor hallucis, Abductor digiti minimi, Flexor digitorum brevis
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| Name the dorsiflexors of the ankle. | Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, peroneus (fibularis) tertius
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| Name 2 important ligaments with attachments to the ischium and sacrum. | Sacrospinous and sacrotuberous
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| A patient is flat footed due to flattening of the medial longitudinal arch. This would indicate what specific ligamentous damage? | plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
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| Abdominal muscle that rotates the trunk to the opposite side | External oblique
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| According to lecture name the anatomical structures placed in the peripheral nervous system | 12 pairs of cranial nerves; 31 pairs of spinal nerves; autonomic nerves of ANS
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| Action of gluteus minimus | medial rotation of hip/abduction of femur
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| action of peroneus (fibularis) tertius | eversion of foot; dorsiflexion of ankle
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| Beginning with the popliteal artery make a flow chart showing the course a drop of blood would mainly take to reach the lateral compartment muscles of the leg | popliteal aa--> posterior tibial aa --> fibular (peroneal) aa
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| Besides awareness of environmental changes and motor functions give two BASIC functions of the nervous system | thought; sensation
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| Component of the anterior abdominal wall from which the cremaster is derived | internal oblique muscle
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| Cutaneous branch of tibial nerve which supplies skin of the posterior calf | sural nerve
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| Define a nerve | a group of neuron fibers in the PNS
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| Define perimysium | CT layer which holds groups of muscle cells together; the group of cells are termed a fascicle (12+ cells)
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| Define superficial ingunal ring | a gap in the external oblique aponeurosis
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| Ggive functional letter classification and NAME a proprioceptor | GSA; tendons (golgi tendon apparatus)
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| Give two vessels which help to form the cruciate anastomosis | medial femoral circumflex aa; inferior gluteal aa
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| Innervation/nerve of peroneus (fibularis) brevis | superficial fibular nerve
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| Insertion of adductor magnus | anterior head: adductor tubercle of femur; posterior head: linea aspera of femur
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| Insertion of peroneus (fibularis) longus | base of 1st metatarsal plantar surface; medial cuneiform tarsal bone-plantar surface
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| Insertion of the adductor brevis muscle | linea aspera of femur on the proximal 1/3
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| Insertion of the biceps femoris (be specific) | lateral condyle of the tibia and head of the fibula
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| Lateral rotator of the hip located immediately superior to the tendon of the obturator internus muscle | gemellus superior
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| List 4 actions of the sartorius muscle | flexion of femur; abduction of femur; lat rotation of femur; flexion of knee
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| List individual names and actions of the muscles collectively known as the triceps surae | gastrocnemius: plantar flexion of ankle; flexion of knee; Soleus: plantar flexion of ankle
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| Muscle immediately superior to the sciatic nerve | piriformis
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| Name the muscles that form the 2nd layer of the plantar foot | lumbricis; quadratus
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| Origin of the plantaris | lateral epicondyle of femur
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| Origin of the vastus medialis muscle | Linea aspera of femur; intertrochanteric line of femur
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| Originates on the posterior fibula ONLY and its tendon passes behind the medial malleolus | Flexor hallucis longus
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| Specific nerve which traverses the adductor canal and does NOT supply muscles | saphenous nerve
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| Specific vessel that gives off most of the dorsal metatarsal arteries | arcuate artery
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| The plantar arch of the foot is formed by an anastomosis of what arteries? Be specific. | lateral plantar artery; plantar metatarsal aa; plantar digital aa
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| The tibial nerve contains fibers from these specific spinal cord segments | L4;L5;S1;S2;S3
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