U2: Joints/Articulat
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| Joints/articulations | show 🗑
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| show | joint classification; based upon the amount of movement allowed at a joint. Ex. Freely moveable joints are diarthroses joints and are predominate in limbs.
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| show | joint classification; two criteria-kind of connective tissue binding articulating bones together and presence or absence of a joint cavity between the articulation joints; 3 classes-fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
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| show | bones tightly joined by fibrous connective tissue; no joint cavity; immobile. Ex. Skull sutures.
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| Cartilaginous joints | show 🗑
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| Synovial joints | show 🗑
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| show | articular/joint capsule, fibrous capsule, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, articular cartilages, reinforcing ligaments, blood vessels, nerves
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| show | two layered sleeve that encloses joint cavity; consists of fibrous capsule and synovial membrane.
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| show | outer layer of articular/joint capsule
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| show | inner layer of articular/joint capsule; covers/lines all the internal joint surfaces except where articular cartilage occurs.
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| show | slippery, lubricating fluid that’s secreted by the synovial membrane into the joint cavity. Also moves into and out of articular cartilages in asstn with pressure placed on joints during normal movement. Helps nourish articular cartilages
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| Articular cartilage | show 🗑
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| Reinforcing ligaments | show 🗑
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| show | fibers that innervate the articular capsule; detect pain and monitor how much the capsule is being stretched which tells nervous system posture and body movements.
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| show | in some synovial joints;flat, synovial fluid-filled sacs lined w/ synovial membrane; reduce friction b/t joint related structures that rub against one another during mvnt.In places where ligaments, tendons, muscles, bones, or skin rub together (knee)
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| show | pads of fibrocartilage that improve the fit between bones in certain synovial joints (knee and temporomandibular joint); tearing of this in the knee is a “torn cartilage” injury
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| show | shapes of articular bone surfaces; ligaments, muscle tone
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| show | flexion, extension, hypertextension, abduction, adduction, rotation, pronation, supination, inversion, eversion, dosiflexion, plantar flexion, protraction, retraction, elevation, depression
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| Flexion | show 🗑
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| Extension | show 🗑
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| show | extension beyond the anatomical position, i.e. tilting the head so chin is pointing at sky. One cannot do this usually without injury at forearm at elbow or leg at the knee
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| Abduction | show 🗑
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| show | movement of limb toward midline of body.
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| show | sort of a semicircular movement of a bone; occurs at shoulder joint and hip joint; occurs at joint formed between dens/odontoid process of the axis and atlas
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| show | moving palm and forearm from an anterior or upward facing postitoin to a posterior or downward facing position. Occurs when radius rotates around the ulna crossing over ulna to form “x” position
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| show | moving palm and forearm from a posterior or downward facing postitoin to an anterior or upward facing position; occurs when the radius rotates around the ulna to bring these bone into a parallel position relative to one another
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| Inversion | show 🗑
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| show | turning sole of the foot so it faces laterally
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| show | movement at the ankle that moves the instep (top) of foot up and toward shin.
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| show | movement at the ankle that moves the foot downward; occurs when you stand on your toes
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| show | non-angular movement in which a bone is moved straight forward. Ex. Drawing the shoulder (mainly scapula) directly forward.
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| show | non-angular movement in which bone is moved straight back. Ex. Squaring the shoulders
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| Elevation | show 🗑
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| show | non-angular movement in which a bone is moved straight down; ex. Dropping the shoulders
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| Types of synovial joints | show 🗑
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| show | allows for flexion and extension; ex. Knee, elbow, joint between atlas and occipital condyles (atlanto-occipital joint)
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| show | allows for rotation; ex. Atlanto-axial joint, proximal radio-ulnar joint
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| Ball and socket joint | show 🗑
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| show | junction of-head/mandibular condyle of mandible & mandibular fossa of temporal bone. B/c of shallow mandibular fossa, most commonly dislocated joint in body; cause of painful disorder common in people; asstd w/ chewing muscles
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| Wrist joint | show 🗑
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| show | ball and socket type joint; consists of articulation of head of humerus with glenoid cavity/fossa of scapula. Loose fit of humerus head w/ shallow glenoid fossa/cavity makes it most freely moving body joint. Prone to dislocate.
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| Rotator cuff | show 🗑
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| Elbow joint | show 🗑
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| show | ball and socket joint formed by articulation of head of femur with the acetabulum of hip/coxal bone
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| show | largest, most complex joint in body. Consists of wheel shaped condyles of femur with flat condyles of tibia. Articulation of patella w/ anterior, distal end of femur. Review ligaments of knee joint on pg. 10 and 11 of notes.
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| Ankle joint | show 🗑
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| show | sprain, dislocation, torn cartilage injury of knee, bursitis, arthritis
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| Sprain | show 🗑
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| Dislocations | show 🗑
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| Torn cartilage injury of knee | show 🗑
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| Bursitis | show 🗑
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| Arthritis | show 🗑
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| Osteoarthritis | show 🗑
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| Rheumatoid arthritis | show 🗑
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