Anatomy of the Inguinal region
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| The ________ is a 3-5 oblique passageway occuring in the inquinal region of the anterior body wall | show 🗑
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| show | During fetal development the gonads (testes or ovaries) descend from the posterior abdominal wall through the inquinal canal (males-->scrotum; females-->round ligament of the uterus)
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| show | spermatic cord
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| Describe the descent of the testes: initial location and position | show 🗑
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| show | ligamentous cord condenses along the posterior abdominal wall; connect the inferior surface of each testis to the bottom of the scrotum; growth of embryo causes it to shorten-->testes pulled inferiorly-->forms processus vaginalis (by peritoneum)
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| The __________ forms immediately anterior to the gubernaculum and precedes the testis as it moves toward the scrotum | show 🗑
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| show | Transversalis fascia, internal oblique muscle, and external oblique muscle; together invest layers through the inquinal canal
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| The opening by the processus vaginalis in the trasversalis fascia becomes the ___ | show 🗑
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| show | superficial inguinal ring
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| In the male the transversalis fascia, the internal oblique muscle and the external oblique muscle contribue layers to form the ________ | show 🗑
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| Describe the formation of the two layers of the tunica vaginalis | show 🗑
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| show | It is obliterated shortly after birth leaving only the tunica vaginalis
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| What is the ultimate fate of the gubernaculum? what is its function | show 🗑
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| show | Cryptochidism ("hidden testis" Gr.)
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| How many concentric layers of fascia cover the spermatic cord? What are they? Where are they derived from? | show 🗑
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| show | It is the filmy innermost covering of the spermatic cord; forms as the processus vaginalis evaginates the transversalis fascia
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| show | middle covering of the spermatic cord which contains loops of cremaster muscle; skeletal muscles that raise the testis (in cold or due to stroking of inner thighs)
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| show | Thin outermost covering of the spermatic cord, formed from the external oblique aponeurosis; attached superior to the crura of the superficial inguinal ring; continous with the fascia of the external abdominal oblique muscle
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| Describe the descent of the ovaries | show 🗑
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| show | Becomes incorporated into the wall of the uterus as the round ligament of the uterus and the ovary
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| The ________ passes through the inguinal canal and continues on to the labia majora | show 🗑
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| show | deep (internal) ring opening in the transversalis fascia, superficial (external) ring opening in the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle
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| show | external abdominal oblique over entire length (aponeurosis of); internal abdominal oblique on lateral one-third
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| What are the boundaries of the inguinal canal: posterior wall | show 🗑
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| What are the boundaries of the inguinal canal: roof | show 🗑
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| show | inguinal ligament of the external abdominal oblique, lacunar ligament of the external abdominal oblique
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| show | The potrusion of tissue (e.g. internal organ) through an abnormal opening or a weakened anterior abdominal wall (often the inguinal canal)
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| What causes an indirect inguinal hernia? | show 🗑
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| Where are indirect inguinal hernias located? How far can they extend? | show 🗑
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| What is a direct inguinal hernia and how is it caused? | show 🗑
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| show | inferiorly by the epigastric artery; laterally by rectus abdominis muscle and inguinal ligament
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| show | Conjoined
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| show | transversalis, subserous, peritoneum
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| True or false: in a direct inguinal hernia, the contents of the hernia will enter the inguinal canal along side the spermatic cord distal to the origin of the internal spermatic fascia | show 🗑
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| show | internal spermatic; cremasteric
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| Where is the weakness associated with direct inguinal hernia? | show 🗑
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| Which type of hernia is more common in older men? | show 🗑
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| show | Scrotal raphe
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| show | The superficial fascia
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| What muscle is continaed ithin the superficial fascia? What does it do? What innervates it? | show 🗑
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| show | The membranous layer of the superficial fascia of the abdomen (Scarpa's fascia) and the perineum (Colle's fascia)
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| show | Scrotal septum
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| show | The testis, the epididymis, and the vas deferens or ductus referense (vas deferens)
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| What are the (5) layers covering the testis? | show 🗑
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| show | It is adherent to the testis and the epididymis
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| Laterally, the visceral layer passes between the testis and epididymis to form the _____ of the _______ | show 🗑
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| What is the tunica albuginea | show 🗑
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| show | Formed within the seminiferous tubules; within lobules formed by the septa in the testes
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| The seminiferous tubules join to form the _____ _____ | show 🗑
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| What structure connects the rete testis to the head of the epididymis? | show 🗑
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| What is the epididymis? Where is it located? | show 🗑
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| show | The body (highly convoluted duct of the epididymis), the tail (continous with the vas deferens), and the head (connects to testes efferent ductules)
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| What is the vas deferens / ductus deferens? Where is it? | show 🗑
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| Where in the spermatic cord does the vas deferens run through? | show 🗑
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| What three arteries are carried by the spermatic cord? | show 🗑
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| show | From the front of the aorta; supplies testis and epididymis; runs through inguinal canal
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| show | From the vesical artery (artery of the bladder); follows ductus deferens; anastomoses with the testicular A. near testes
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| Describe the origin, area supplied, and path of the cremasteric artery | show 🗑
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| * What is the PAMPINIFORM PLEXUS? Where does it drain? | show 🗑
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| What nerves pass through the cord and what do they supply? | show 🗑
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| show | The lumbar nodes; they pass through the spermatic cord
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