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Introduction to the Cranial Nerves

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Question
Answer
show olfactory, optic, occulomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal  
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CNI exits from the ____   show
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show Diencephalon  
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CN III exits from the ____   show
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CN IV exits from the ____   show
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CN V exits from the ____   show
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CN VI exits from the ____   show
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CN VII exits from the ____   show
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CN VIII exits from the ____   show
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show brainstem (medulla oblongata)  
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show brainstem (medulla oblongata)  
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CN XI exits from the ____   show
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show brainstem (medulla oblongata)  
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Which nerves carry preganglionic parasympathetic fibers?   show
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show CN V, VII, IX, and X  
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show CN VII, IX, and X (also pseudounipolar neurons)  
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show Innervate structures derived from branchial arches: CN V (branchial arch 1), VII (b.a. 2), IX (b.a. 3), X (b.a. 4-6), and XI (b.a. beyond 6?)  
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What does the term: "branchial motor fibers" mean?   show
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show Parasympathetic root of ciliary ganglion (pre)-->ciliary ganglion (post)-->ciliary muscle and sphincter of the pupil  
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show Greater petrosal nerve (pre)-->pterygopalatine ganglion(post)-->lacrimal, nasal, and palatine glands; chorda tympani (pre)-->submandibular ganglion (post)-->submandibular, sublingual, and lingual glands  
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* * What fibers carry the parasympathetics of the Glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX)? What postganglionic neuron do they synapse with? What structures do they target?   show
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What sense is associated with CN I? Where does the nerve sit? Where are the sensory neurons located?   show
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show Optic nerve travels with opthalmic artery through the optic canal; special sensory fibers for sight  
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show Somatic motor and parasympathetic  
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Where does the oculomotor emerge from?   show
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show Superior division: levator palpebrae superioris muscle, superior rectus eye muscle. Inferior division: medial rectus eye muscle, inferior rectus eye muscle, inferior oblique eye muscle  
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show inferior, root, ciliary  
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show Emerges from the dorsal aspect of the midbrain; passes through the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus and enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure (alongside CN III, V1, and VI); superior oblique eye muscle  
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What does CN VI supply? Where does it pass through? What other structure is it closely associated with prior to entering orbital cavity?   show
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What are the two divisions of CN VIII? What are they involved in (sensory wise)?   show
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show internal acoustic meatus  
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What types of fibers are carried by the CN IX?   show
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Where does CN IX emerge from the brain?   show
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show Located in jugular foramen; pseudounipolar neurons  
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Where does CN IX emerge from the skull? What other nerve(s) does it exit with?   show
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What nerves exit via the jugular foramen?   show
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show Tympanic branch, carotid nerve, motor branch to the stylopharyngeus muscle, pharyngeal and tonsilar branches, and lingual branch  
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show Tympanic branch; into tympanic cavity  
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What branch of the glosspharyngeal has ALL of the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers?   show
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The tympanic nerve plus postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion and a twig from from the facial nerve form what plexus? Where is this?   show
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The preganglionic parasympathetic fibers within this plexus then coverge on what nerve? Describe the path of this nerve.   show
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show Greater petrossal nerve  
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Where do the postganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the tympanic branch eventually enervate?   show
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What structure does the carotid nerve eventually enervate?   show
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What is the only muscle innervated by the glosspharyngeal nerve? What nerve branch supplies it?   show
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What branches of CN IX are responsible for general sensation from the mucous membrane of much of the pharynx and the palatine tonsils?   show
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show General sensation to the posterior 1/3 of tongue, taste fibers for posterior 1/3 of tongue  
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How can you assess a lession to the CN IX?   show
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show Mixed sensory, motor, and preganglionic parasympathetics  
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show Post-olivary sulcus; leaves skull through jugular foramen with glossopharyngeal and accessory nerves  
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show Its pseudounipolar neurons are located in the superior and inferior ganglia, which are located in the jugular foramen  
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show Meningeal, auricular, pharyngeal, carotid, aortic, superior laryngeal, recurrent laryngeal, vagal branches for viscera  
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What is the function of the meningeal branch of the vagus nerve?   show
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What is the function of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve? Why is it important?   show
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* What is the function of the pharyngeal branch?   show
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show Pharyngeal branch of CN X, postganglionic parasympathetics from superior cervical ganglion, and the pharyngeal branch of CN IX  
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What is the only muscle of the pharynx CN X does not supply? What is the only muscle of the palate that CN X does not supply?   show
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What does the carotid branch of the CN X do?   show
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show Carries sensory fibers from aortic baroreceptors (pressure) in the aortic arch and chemoreceptors in the aortic body (adjacent to the aortic arch)  
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What are the two branches of the superior laryngeal branch?   show
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What membrane is pierced by the internal laryngeal nerve? What does it supply?   show
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show The cricothyroid, the cricopharyngeus portion of the inferior constrictor; the rest of the muscles are supplied by the recurrent laryngeal nerve  
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What two vessels does the vagus nerve proceed with in the neck? What structure contains these three structures?   show
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Describe the path of the vagus nerve once it passes the root of the neck   show
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What muscles does the recurrent laryngeal nerve supply?   show
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Describe (briefly) the fiber composition of the vagal branches below the recurrent laryngeal nerves   show
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What symptoms are associated with the vagus nerve? How do you test?   show
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Where does CN XI emerge from?   show
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show Ascends through foramen magmum and exits skull through jugular foramen along with glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves  
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show Sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius; weakness in turning head to the opposite side as well as sagging of the shoulder  
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show Pure motor nerve  
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Where does the hypoglossal nerve emerge from in the brain? How does it leave the skull?   show
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What muscles are supplied by the hypoglossal nerve?   show
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show Results in paralysis and atrophy of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue. When potruded, tongue turns to the side of the lesion (due to unopposed action of the genioglossus muscle from unaffected side). Touch, pressure, temp, and taste UNAFFECTED.  
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What nerve branches compose the tympanic plexus?   show
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