The Extensor forearm and hand
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| What is the blood supply of the extensor forearm? | Radial AND interosseus arteries
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| Nerve supply to extensor compartment | radial nerve + branches
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| What are the (6) superficial muscles of the extensor compartment? | Brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris
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| What are the (5) deep muscles of the extensor compartment | Supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor policis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis
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| Brachioradialis: nerve, action | Radial nerve, flexes forearm and initiates supination and pronation
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| Extensor carpi radialis longus: nerve, action | Extends and abducts hand at the wrist joint
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| Extensor carpi radilis brevis: nerve, action | deep branch of radial nerve, extends and abducts hand at the wrist joint
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| Extensor digitorum: nerve, action | posterior interosseus branch of radial nerve, extends fingers, knuckles, and hands at the wrist joint
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| Extensor digiti minimi: nerve, action | Posterior interosseus branch of radial nerve, extends little finger
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| Extensor carpi ulnaris: nerve, action | posterior interosseus branch of radial nerve, extends and adducts hand at the wrist joint
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| Supinator: nerve, action | Deep branch of radial nerve, supinates forearm
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| What structures are compromised in tennis elbow? | Inflammation of common extensor tendon of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus
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| What are the symptoms of tennis elbow? | Pain in lateral aspect of elbow (may radiate down to posterior forearm and dorsum of hand)
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| What movements cause tennis elbow? | Excessive/heavy supination/pronation of forearm (e.g. shoveling snow)
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| Abductor pollicis longus: nerve, action | posterior interosseus branch of radial nerve
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| Extensor pollicis brevis: nerve, action | Posterior interosseus branch of radial nerve, extends thumb, knuckle, and wrist
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| Extensor pollicis longus: nerve, action | posterior interosseous branch of radial nerve, extends thumb, knuckle, and wrist
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| Extensor indicis: nerve, action | posterior interosseus branch of radial nerve, extends index finger, knuckle, and wrist
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| The radial nerve descends between the ____ and the ____ muscles | brachialis; brachioradialis
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| The radial nerve crosses the ____ epicondyle ____ly. It emerges in the posterior compartment as the ___ __ nerve. | Lateral; anteriorly; Posterior interosseus nerve
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| What is the palmar aponeurosis? | Triangular shaped thickening of deep fascia covering central palm
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| The apex of the palmar aponeurosis receives insertion from the ___ ___ tendon. | Palmaris longus
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| The palmar aponeurosis divides at the base of the fingers into four slips which each subdivide into two additional slips and attach to the ___ ___ __ and the __ ___ ___ ___. | Fibrous flexor sheath; deep transverse metacarpal ligament
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| What is the localized thickening and contracture of the palmar aponeurosis called? | Dupuytren's contracture
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| What symptoms are seen in Dupuytren's contracture? | Thickening and contracture of plamar aponeurosis-->flexing of ring finger into palm at the metacarpophalangeal joint; flexion of proximal interphalangeal joints; DISTAL INTERPHALANGEALS NOT INVOLVED
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| What is the carpal tunnel? | Space under flexor retinaculum where long flexor tendons and median nerve pass through
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| How are the tendons of the carpal tunnel arranged? | Four tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis arranged in anterior and posterior rows (middle + ring in front of index and little finger tendons); flexor digitorum profundus tendons all in line (in order of fingers)
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| All eight flexor tendons invaginate a common synvial sheath from ___ side. | Lateral
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| Where does the common synvial sheath end distally? | At the knuckle joints, except for the little finger (that one goes to the distal phalanx)
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| Which tendon gets its own synovial sheath? | The tendon of the flexor pollicis longus
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| What is the fibrous flexor sheath? | Surrounds the synovial sheaths that attache to the sides of the phalanges from the head of the metacarpal bones to the base of the distal phalanges (closed at ends)
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| Name the thenar muscles of the hand (3) | Abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis
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| Name the adductor compartment muscles (1) | Adductor pollicis
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| Abductor pollicis brevis: nerve, action | recurrent branch of median nerve, abducts thumb
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| Flexor pollicis brevis: nerve, action | recurrent branch of median nerve
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| Opponens pollicis: nerve, action | recurrent branch of median nerve, opposes thumb
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| Adductor pollicis: nerve, action | deep branch of ULNAR NERVE, adducts thumb
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| Name the hypothenar muscles (3) | Abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, opponens digiti minimi
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| Abductor digiti minimi: nerve, action | deep branch of ulnar nerve, abducts the little finger
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| Flexor digiti minimi: nerve, action | deep branch of ulnar nerve, flexes little finger
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| Opponens digiti minimi: nerve, action | Deep branch of the ulnar nerve, opposes the little finger and deepens the palm
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| The lumbrical muscles: nerve, action | first and second: median nerve; third and fourth: ulnar nerve. Flexes metacarpophalangeal joints (knuckle) and extends interphalangeal joint
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| Name the interosseous muscles (2) | Palmar interosseus muscles, dorsal interosseus muscles
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| Palmar interosseus muscles: nerve, action | deep branch of ulnar nerve, flex metacarpophalangeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints, adduct fingers towad center of middle finger
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| Dorsal interosseus muscles: nerve, action | Deep branch of ulnar nerve, flex metacarpophalangeal joints, extends interphalangeal joints, abduct fingers from center of third finger
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| What is the position of the ulnar artery as it's passing the flexor retinaculum? The ulnar nerve? The pisiform? | It is superficial to flexor r.; lateral to nerve and pisiform bone
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| What branch does the ulnar artery give off when entering the hand? | The deep ulnar branch, which passes between abductor digiti minimi and flexor digiti minimi
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| The main trunk of the ulnar artery continues s the ___ ___ arch. It is completed on the lateral side by the ___ ___ ___ of the ___ ___ | Superficial palmar; superficial palmar branch of the radial artery
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| What structures does the palmar arch supply? | All of the sides of the fingers EXCEPT for the thumb and the radial side of the index finger
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| What two arteries join together to complete the deep palmar arch? | The deep branch of the ulnar artery and the radial artery
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| What branch does the radial artery give off when entering the hand? | The superficial palmar branch
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| What space does the radial artery enter before entering the hand? | The anatomical snuff box
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| Where does the radial artery enter deep to when entering the hand? | Two heads of the first dorsal interosseus muscle
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| The radial artery continues as the ___ ___ ___, which is completed on the medial side of the hand by the deep branch of the ulnar artery | Deep palmar arch
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| What artery supplies the lateral side of the index finger? | The radialis indicis artery (branch of the radial artery)
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| What artery supplies the thumb? | The princeps pollicis artery (branch of radial artery; splits into two for the two sides of thumb)
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| The median nerve enters the palm by passing (deep/superficial) to the flexor retinaculum within carpal tunnel | Deep
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| What motor and sensory information does the median nerve provide? | Motor: thenar muscles, 1st 2 lumbricals; Sensory: lateral palm, palmar aspect of lateral 3 1/2 fingers
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| What motor and sensory information does the ulnar nerve provide? | Motor: hypothenars, 3 + 4th lumbricals, adductor pollicus, palmaris brevis, all interossei muscles. Sensory: medial palm, palmar aspect of the medial 1 + 1/2 fingers
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| The ulnar nerve enters palm by passing (deep/superficial) to the flexor retinaculum and immediately (lateral/medial) to the pisiform bone. | Superficial, lateral
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