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Extensor Compartment
The Extensor forearm and hand
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the blood supply of the extensor forearm? | Radial AND interosseus arteries |
| Nerve supply to extensor compartment | radial nerve + branches |
| What are the (6) superficial muscles of the extensor compartment? | Brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris |
| What are the (5) deep muscles of the extensor compartment | Supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor policis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis |
| Brachioradialis: nerve, action | Radial nerve, flexes forearm and initiates supination and pronation |
| Extensor carpi radialis longus: nerve, action | Extends and abducts hand at the wrist joint |
| Extensor carpi radilis brevis: nerve, action | deep branch of radial nerve, extends and abducts hand at the wrist joint |
| Extensor digitorum: nerve, action | posterior interosseus branch of radial nerve, extends fingers, knuckles, and hands at the wrist joint |
| Extensor digiti minimi: nerve, action | Posterior interosseus branch of radial nerve, extends little finger |
| Extensor carpi ulnaris: nerve, action | posterior interosseus branch of radial nerve, extends and adducts hand at the wrist joint |
| Supinator: nerve, action | Deep branch of radial nerve, supinates forearm |
| What structures are compromised in tennis elbow? | Inflammation of common extensor tendon of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus |
| What are the symptoms of tennis elbow? | Pain in lateral aspect of elbow (may radiate down to posterior forearm and dorsum of hand) |
| What movements cause tennis elbow? | Excessive/heavy supination/pronation of forearm (e.g. shoveling snow) |
| Abductor pollicis longus: nerve, action | posterior interosseus branch of radial nerve |
| Extensor pollicis brevis: nerve, action | Posterior interosseus branch of radial nerve, extends thumb, knuckle, and wrist |
| Extensor pollicis longus: nerve, action | posterior interosseous branch of radial nerve, extends thumb, knuckle, and wrist |
| Extensor indicis: nerve, action | posterior interosseus branch of radial nerve, extends index finger, knuckle, and wrist |
| The radial nerve descends between the ____ and the ____ muscles | brachialis; brachioradialis |
| The radial nerve crosses the ____ epicondyle ____ly. It emerges in the posterior compartment as the ___ __ nerve. | Lateral; anteriorly; Posterior interosseus nerve |
| What is the palmar aponeurosis? | Triangular shaped thickening of deep fascia covering central palm |
| The apex of the palmar aponeurosis receives insertion from the ___ ___ tendon. | Palmaris longus |
| The palmar aponeurosis divides at the base of the fingers into four slips which each subdivide into two additional slips and attach to the ___ ___ __ and the __ ___ ___ ___. | Fibrous flexor sheath; deep transverse metacarpal ligament |
| What is the localized thickening and contracture of the palmar aponeurosis called? | Dupuytren's contracture |
| What symptoms are seen in Dupuytren's contracture? | Thickening and contracture of plamar aponeurosis-->flexing of ring finger into palm at the metacarpophalangeal joint; flexion of proximal interphalangeal joints; DISTAL INTERPHALANGEALS NOT INVOLVED |
| What is the carpal tunnel? | Space under flexor retinaculum where long flexor tendons and median nerve pass through |
| How are the tendons of the carpal tunnel arranged? | Four tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis arranged in anterior and posterior rows (middle + ring in front of index and little finger tendons); flexor digitorum profundus tendons all in line (in order of fingers) |
| All eight flexor tendons invaginate a common synvial sheath from ___ side. | Lateral |
| Where does the common synvial sheath end distally? | At the knuckle joints, except for the little finger (that one goes to the distal phalanx) |
| Which tendon gets its own synovial sheath? | The tendon of the flexor pollicis longus |
| What is the fibrous flexor sheath? | Surrounds the synovial sheaths that attache to the sides of the phalanges from the head of the metacarpal bones to the base of the distal phalanges (closed at ends) |
| Name the thenar muscles of the hand (3) | Abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis |
| Name the adductor compartment muscles (1) | Adductor pollicis |
| Abductor pollicis brevis: nerve, action | recurrent branch of median nerve, abducts thumb |
| Flexor pollicis brevis: nerve, action | recurrent branch of median nerve |
| Opponens pollicis: nerve, action | recurrent branch of median nerve, opposes thumb |
| Adductor pollicis: nerve, action | deep branch of ULNAR NERVE, adducts thumb |
| Name the hypothenar muscles (3) | Abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, opponens digiti minimi |
| Abductor digiti minimi: nerve, action | deep branch of ulnar nerve, abducts the little finger |
| Flexor digiti minimi: nerve, action | deep branch of ulnar nerve, flexes little finger |
| Opponens digiti minimi: nerve, action | Deep branch of the ulnar nerve, opposes the little finger and deepens the palm |
| The lumbrical muscles: nerve, action | first and second: median nerve; third and fourth: ulnar nerve. Flexes metacarpophalangeal joints (knuckle) and extends interphalangeal joint |
| Name the interosseous muscles (2) | Palmar interosseus muscles, dorsal interosseus muscles |
| Palmar interosseus muscles: nerve, action | deep branch of ulnar nerve, flex metacarpophalangeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints, adduct fingers towad center of middle finger |
| Dorsal interosseus muscles: nerve, action | Deep branch of ulnar nerve, flex metacarpophalangeal joints, extends interphalangeal joints, abduct fingers from center of third finger |
| What is the position of the ulnar artery as it's passing the flexor retinaculum? The ulnar nerve? The pisiform? | It is superficial to flexor r.; lateral to nerve and pisiform bone |
| What branch does the ulnar artery give off when entering the hand? | The deep ulnar branch, which passes between abductor digiti minimi and flexor digiti minimi |
| The main trunk of the ulnar artery continues s the ___ ___ arch. It is completed on the lateral side by the ___ ___ ___ of the ___ ___ | Superficial palmar; superficial palmar branch of the radial artery |
| What structures does the palmar arch supply? | All of the sides of the fingers EXCEPT for the thumb and the radial side of the index finger |
| What two arteries join together to complete the deep palmar arch? | The deep branch of the ulnar artery and the radial artery |
| What branch does the radial artery give off when entering the hand? | The superficial palmar branch |
| What space does the radial artery enter before entering the hand? | The anatomical snuff box |
| Where does the radial artery enter deep to when entering the hand? | Two heads of the first dorsal interosseus muscle |
| The radial artery continues as the ___ ___ ___, which is completed on the medial side of the hand by the deep branch of the ulnar artery | Deep palmar arch |
| What artery supplies the lateral side of the index finger? | The radialis indicis artery (branch of the radial artery) |
| What artery supplies the thumb? | The princeps pollicis artery (branch of radial artery; splits into two for the two sides of thumb) |
| The median nerve enters the palm by passing (deep/superficial) to the flexor retinaculum within carpal tunnel | Deep |
| What motor and sensory information does the median nerve provide? | Motor: thenar muscles, 1st 2 lumbricals; Sensory: lateral palm, palmar aspect of lateral 3 1/2 fingers |
| What motor and sensory information does the ulnar nerve provide? | Motor: hypothenars, 3 + 4th lumbricals, adductor pollicus, palmaris brevis, all interossei muscles. Sensory: medial palm, palmar aspect of the medial 1 + 1/2 fingers |
| The ulnar nerve enters palm by passing (deep/superficial) to the flexor retinaculum and immediately (lateral/medial) to the pisiform bone. | Superficial, lateral |
Created by:
karkis77
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