IS-B1-Eliot Upper Limb Anatomy
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| show | Inferior angle
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| Does lateral rotation of the scapula make the surface of the glenoid fossa point more superiorly or more inferiorly? | show 🗑
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| show | Flexion or abduction
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| In what direction does the anterior surface of the arm move during medial rotation of the arm? During lateral rotation of the arm? | show 🗑
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| show | Flexion, extension
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| Is adduction ulnar deviation or is it radial deviation? Is adduction medial deviation or is it lateral deviation? | show 🗑
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| show | Coronal Plane
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| Does flexion and extension of the fingers (second through fifth digits) occur in the sagittal plane or in the coronal plane? | show 🗑
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| Does flexion and extension of the thumb occur in the sagittal plane or in the coronal plane? | show 🗑
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| show | Coronal plane
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| At which joint does most abduction and adduction occur? | show 🗑
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| show | Sagittal plane
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| Can the thumb be opposed to the fifth digit without adducting the thumb? Can the thumb be opposed without flexing the interphalangeal joint of the thumb? | show 🗑
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| show | No
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| show | Deltoid Muscle
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| Which two layers of the trilaminar embryonic disc provide source tissue for the limbs? (Endoderm, mesoderm or ectoderm.) | show 🗑
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| show | Epidermis (also sweat glands and nails)
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| show | Bones, vessels, fascia
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| Which embryonic week is the critical period for limb development? | show 🗑
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| What starts to develop first, the proximal part of a limb, or the distal part? | show 🗑
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| What starts to develop first, the forelimb (upper limb) or hindlimb (lower limb)? | show 🗑
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| show | Shoulder first, toenails last, approximately
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| show | Severe congenital dysgenesis of the limbs. Thalidomide, an anti-nausea drug that was administered to pregnant women in North America and Europe in the 1950s, was associated
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| How do the limb malformations of phocomelia give evidence of the timing of limb development? | show 🗑
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| show | Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor
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| What do three of the four rotator cuff muscles have in common? | show 🗑
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| What muscle is added to make the S-I-T-S muscles? | show 🗑
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| show | Supraspinatus muscle
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| show | Infraspinatus, teres minor muscles
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| show | Subscapularis muscle
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| What is the principal anatomical action of the Subscapularis muscle? | show 🗑
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| What is the principle action of the supraspinatus muscle? | show 🗑
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| show | External rotation of the arm at the shoulder
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| show | Teres minor and subscapularis muscles Adduction of the arm at the shoulder
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| show | Pectoralis major muscle!
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| show | Inferior surface: calcific deposits in the tendon itself can irritate the bursa and the tendon
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| show | Superior
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| What branch of the thyrocervical trunk artery supplies blood to the supraspinatus tendon? | show 🗑
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| Name a branch of the axillary artery that supplies blood to the supraspinatus tendon. | show 🗑
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| What is the principal cell type in adult tendon, fibrocyte or fibroblast? | show 🗑
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| So, in general, is tendon a highly metabolically active tissue that requires much blood supply? | show 🗑
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| So is healing of a supraspinatus injury rapid and effective or is it slow? | show 🗑
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| Which brachial plexus compartment has the muscles that the musculocutaneous nerve innervates? | show 🗑
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| Which compartments have the muscles that the median nerve innervates? | show 🗑
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| show | Anteromedial forearm, hypothenar, palm
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| The median nerve and ulnar nerve share a forearm compartment and also the palm. In which one does the median nerve dominate? In which one does the ulnar nerve dominate? | show 🗑
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| What two muscles does the axillary nerve innervate? | show 🗑
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| Which compartments have the muscles that the radial nerve innervates? | show 🗑
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| Are dermatome surfaces the same as “skin surfaces that are innervated by cutaneous branches” of nerves? | show 🗑
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| Hartwig emphasizes the innervations of the tips and hyponychia of the four fingers. (Hyponychium is the sensitive skin under the edge of a fingernail.) What nerve for the second digit? | show 🗑
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| show | Median Nerve
Ulnar Nerve
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| focus on C7 for the middle digit. Working from there, what dermatome includes the thumb and lateral aspect of the forearm? | show 🗑
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| show | C8
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| What muscle inserts on the radial tuberosity of the radius? Name its partner, which attaches to the coronoid process of the ulna. | show 🗑
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| What action do the biceps brachii and brachialis muscle share? | show 🗑
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| What action does the biceps brachii get by attaching to the radius and not the ulna? | show 🗑
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| What is brachialis muscles only significant anatomical action on the forearm at the elbow? | show 🗑
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| show | Flexion of the forearm at the elbow
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| show | Triceps brachii muscle; extension of the forearm at the elbow
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| The cephalic vein is not an ideal vein for venipuncture because a cutaneous nerve accompanies it. Name that nerve. | show 🗑
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| At what depth are the cephalic vein, median cubital vein and basilic vein in the forearm and cubital fossa? | show 🗑
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| What fan of tendon separates them from the depth of the brachial artery? | show 🗑
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| show | Median nerve
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| show | Brachial Artery
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| Which nerve is the only major nerve that passes posterior to the elbow joint (posterior to an epicondyle of the humerus)? | show 🗑
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| Name the nerve in the arm that ends with a cutaneous branch that passes near the lateral side of the biceps brachii tendon. What is the name of that cutaneous nerve? | show 🗑
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| The fourth nerve is buried a little more lateral than the musculocutaneous nerve. Name it. | show 🗑
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| show | Anterior
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| We have discussed three of four "quadrants" of the elbow (a nerve and vessels in the anteromedial quadrant, one nerve in the posteromedial quadrant, two nerves in the anterolateral quadrant). Which of the four quadrants has no major nerve? | show 🗑
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| show | Flexor retinaculum
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| What group of four tendons is located relatively superficially in the carpal tunnel? | show 🗑
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| show | Flexor digitorum profundus tendon. Flexor pollicis longus tendon
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| show | Median nerve
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| Is there a major artery or vein in the carpal tunnel? | show 🗑
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| show | Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
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| What tendon is outside the main compartment of the tunnel on the radial side, stopping at the base of the hand? | show 🗑
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| show | 0
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| How many hand muscles for the median nerve? | show 🗑
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| Which two muscles of the thumb are innervated, all or in part, by the ulnar nerve? | show 🗑
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| Which two “median nerve muscles” of the hand are not thenar muscles? | show 🗑
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| Which four interosseous muscles are easily identified on the dorsal side of the hand? | show 🗑
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| show | First metacarpal, second metacarpal. First dorsal interosseous muscle is the most distal muscle the ulnar nerve innervates, therefore tends to be the first muscle to suffer (paresis or atrophy) when there is an ulnar nerve lesion
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| Which of the two major nerves serving the palmar side of the hand does not utilize the carpal tunnel? | show 🗑
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| show | Hamulus
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| Which of that patient's fingers will be the primary target of your cutaneous sensory testing? | show 🗑
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| Will abducting and adducting the fingers test muscle function in the nerve? | show 🗑
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| show | Superficial radial nerve. General sensory, sympathetics
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| show | Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle
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| show | Flexor digitorum profundus muscle
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| show | Extensor carpi radialis muscles. Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle
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| What action do those two muscles exert on the whole hand at the wrist? | show 🗑
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| show | Extensor expansion
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| show | Anterior
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| show | Flexion
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| show | Extension of the middle and distal phalanges at the interphalangeal joints
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| This combination of two opposite actions is very useful for straightening the fingers. What part of a finger with a paralyzed lumbrical muscle is likely to extend excessively if the extensor digitorum muscle is recruited? | show 🗑
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| show | It causes slack in the distal part of the extensor digitorum tendon and thereby prevents forceful extension of the interphalangeal joints of the affected finger
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| show | Radial nerve. Ulnar nerve
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| If those two lumbrical muscles lose their innervation by deep laceration, is the extensor digitorum also likely to be paralyzed? If not, what will be the position of the fourth and fifth proximal phalanges as affected by the extensor digitorum muscle? | show 🗑
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| show | No; they are innervated in the forearm. Flexed at the interphalangeal joints
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| show | Yes. Not very well
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| If atrophy is visible in the spaces between the metacarpal bones, what other muscles have lost their innervation? | show 🗑
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| Is atrophy of all muscles in the thenar muscle group likely? Some or part? If so, what part? | show 🗑
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| show | Yes. Adductor pollicis, adduction of the thumb
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| What movement of the arm at the shoulder occurs to stretch the biceps brachii? | show 🗑
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| show | Extension of the forearm at the elbow
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| What movement within the forearm occurs to stretch the biceps brachii? | show 🗑
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| Which two roots of the brachial plexus are involved in upper brachial plexus injury? | show 🗑
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| show | Proximal
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| In a typical upper brachial plexus injury, what is the posture of the arm (abducted or adducted, etc.)? | show 🗑
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| show | Pectoralis major muscle, biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, deltoid, rotator cuff
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| show | Latissimus dorsi muscle (it has a lot of C8 in its nerve supply)
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| Are muscles that act on the hand certain to be affected in a case of upper brachial plexus injury? | show 🗑
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| show | C8, T1
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| show | Distally
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| Are muscles that act on the arm at the shoulder certain to be affected in a case of lower brachial plexus injury? | show 🗑
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| Are muscles that act on the hand or the digits certain to be affected in a case of lower brachial plexus injury? | show 🗑
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| show | No
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| show | Yes
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| If there are motor deficits caused by lower brachial plexus injury, will muscles innervated by the ulnar nerve be affected? | show 🗑
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| show | No
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| show | Maybe
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| In parenthesis on the lab study list you will find the cutaneous branch of the axillary nerve. Name it. | show 🗑
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| If there is paresthesia in the field of this nerve, where might you look for a fracture? | show 🗑
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| show | Radial nerve; the three subscapular nerves; nerve to deltoid muscle (i.e., all fibers in the axillary nerve)
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| show | lumbrical muscles of second and third digits. Median nerve
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| Comparing pure and logical cases of pronator teres syndrome and carpal tunnel syndrome, which will have more proximal signs and symptoms? | show 🗑
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| show | Carpal tunnel syndrome
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| show | Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle
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