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The Cardiovascular System: The Heart

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Question
Answer
Routes thru which oxygenated blood flows from the left ventricle through the aorta to all the organs except for the lungs & deoxygenated blood returns to the right atrium   show
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show Capillaries (during systemic circulation)  
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The flow of deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs & the return of oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium   show
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List the order of blood flow from superior vena cava to body   show
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An anatomical region that includes all the visceral organs within the thoracic cavity except the lungs   show
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show 1)Heart, vessels of the heart 2)esophagus 3)trachea 4)phrenic nerve 5)cardiac nerve 6)thoracic duct 7)thymus 8)lymph nodes of central chest  
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show The human heart is approx. the size of a human fist  
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Membrane that surrounds the heart. It is a loos fitting double-layered sac   show
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What are the 3 functions of the pericardium?   show
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show 1) Pericardium 2)Epicardium 3)Myocardium 4)Endocardium  
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This is made of fibrous connective tissue and is a sac that extends inferiorly over the diaphragm & superiorly over bases of large vessels that enter/exit the heart.   show
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show Parietal pericardium  
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show Visceral pericardium  
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Where do you find serous fluid and what is its purpose for the heart?   show
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Thin, serous membrane anchored to the heart. It is a protective layer.   show
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show Myocardium  
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Thin, smooth inner layer of chambers. Covers valves of heart & continuous within lining of blood vessels attached to the heart. It permits blood to move easily thru the heart & prevents abnormal blood clotting   show
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show Four (Two upper/atria & two lower/ventricles)  
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Which chamber of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?   show
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Which chamber receives deoxygenated blood from the body?   show
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Which chamber pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs?   show
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Which chamber pumps oxygenated blood to the body?   show
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Located in the ventricles of the heart. They attach to the cusps of the AV valves via the chordae tendinae & contract to prevent inversion or prolapse of these valves   show
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show The heart strings  
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These connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid & mitral valves   show
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Which atrioventricular valve is on the right side of the heart?   show
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show Mitral/bicuspid  
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show Pulmonary semilunar valve  
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Which valve is between the left ventricle and the aorta?   show
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show Coronary circulation  
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What blood vessels are taking blood to the myocardium?   show
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What blood vessels are taking blood from the myocardium?   show
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What happens during the Pwave?   show
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show Conduction system  
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show 1)Sinoatrial (SA) node 2)Atrioventricular (AV) node 3)Atrioventricular (AV) bundle 4)Right & left bundle branches 5)Purkinje fibers  
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What are the 4 cells that are self-excitable?   show
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Name in the correct order the 5 components of the conduction system   show
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show Sinoatrial node (SA)  
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What structure causes both atria to contract simultaneously?   show
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show Cells in the AV node conduct impulses more slowly which allows time for the atrium to finish contracting before the ventricle begins contracting  
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What 3 components cause both ventricles to contract simultaneously?   show
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A recording of the electrical changes that accompany each cardiac cycle (heartbeat)   show
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show P wave  
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show QRS complex  
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show T wave  
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Sequence of events in one heart beat   show
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show Consists of the systole & diastole of both atria, rapidly followed by the systole & diastole of both ventricles  
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show When both atria contract  
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show When both ventricles contract  
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show Auscultation  
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show Lubb: it is caused by closure of the AV valves at the beginning ventricluar systole (tricuspid, bicuspid/mitral)  
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What is the second heart sound and what is happening in the heart to make this sound?   show
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An abnormal sound that consists of a flow noise that is heard before, between, or after the lubb-dupp or that may mask the normal sounds entirely   show
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show Bicuspid/Mitral valve  
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show Tricuspid  
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show Right ventricle  
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What chamber pumps blood into the aorta?   show
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show Left atrium  
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show Right atrium  
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show Aortic valve  
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show Pulmonary valve  
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show Superior vena cava  
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show Right atrium  
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Which chamber of the heart has the thickest layer of myocardium?   show
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How does the heart contract during a normal heart action?   show
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show Closure of the heart valves  
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Heart rate and strength of contraction are controlled by the cardiovascular center, which is located where?   show
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The portion of the ECG that corresponds to atrial depolarization is what?   show
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The opening in the semilunar valves is due to the pressure in what?   show
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show Auricle  
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show The Frank-Starling law of the heart  
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show The Frank-Starling law of the heart  
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What is the 5 steps in the pathway of an action potential thru the heart's conduction system?   show
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Equals stroke volume (SV) x heart rate (HR)   show
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show Coronary circulation  
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What is the volume of blood per minute pumped from the left ventricle into the aorta called?   show
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show The effectiveness of the heart to pump blood  
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What is the amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle each contraction or beat called?   show
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show Heart rate  
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What is the Frank-Starling law of the heart?   show
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How does the cardiovascular center in the medulla regulate heart rate?   show
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How do baroreceptors function?   show
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show Epinephrine, norepinephrine, thyroid hormones, correct sodium - potassium - and calcium concentrations, emotions, age, gender, physical fitness, & temperature  
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Explain how aerobic exercise benefits cardiac output, gas exchange, and metabolism   show
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List some of the benefits of regular exercise   show
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show Coronary artery disease  
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Death of an area of heart muscle from lack of oxygen   show
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show Angina pectoris  
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show Atherosclerosis  
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An irregularity in heart rhythm resulting from a defect in the conduction system of the heart   show
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What is bradycardia?   show
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show Fast heart beat  
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What is fibrillation?   show
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show Congestive heart failure  
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