Ward- dev of skull
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| Viscerocranium | show 🗑
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| Neurocranium | show 🗑
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| Skull base | show 🗑
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| show | 1.Basioccipital.
2.Basisphenoid.
3.Preshnoid.
4.Mesethmoid.
**All formed by endochondral ossification of the mesenchyme from sclerotome of somites
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| show | It takes place over time, elongation at the epiphyseal growth plates. Causes the Jaw to elongate inferiorly and the face to grow larger.
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| show | Neotony is the retention of child-like features. Since the facial bones and cranial base rely on endochondrial ossification to grow, the face will remain smaller in protion to the head and will resemble that of a child. (due to early growth plate closure)
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| show | Direct ossification of embryological tissue. Forms spongy trabecular bone (highly vascular) sandwiched b/w two Lamellar bones and is one reason the skull is so much larger than the face in infants.
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| Sphenobasilar Synchondrosis | show 🗑
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| Bones formed from Intramembranous ossification | show 🗑
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| show | Grow through intramembranous ossification from a center of ossification outwards until they hit eachother.
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| show | Once the fronts of the two bones in contact overlap, signals from the dura below stabilize the sutures while other signals thicken the cranial bones. Suture then communicates to the dura underneath to stop osteogenic signals.
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| Areas of bone growth and resorption | show 🗑
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| show | Sutures remained packed with CT throughout life allowing flex. However, they can ossify in old age.
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| What happens if there is a lack of signals from the dura or sutures during suture formation? | show 🗑
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| show | Coronal, sagittal, lambdoid, squamous, and metopic.
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| Fontanels in neonate/child | show 🗑
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| show | Head growing abnormally parallel to the affeted suture.
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| show | in 85% of adults, it fuses, creating one singal frontal bone.
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| show | Premature fusion of the metopic suture which results in a triangular forehead. Causes transverse growth restriction, parallel growth expansion
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| Scaphocephaly | show 🗑
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| show | Many suture involved, causes a flattening of the skull.
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| Adult sutures | show 🗑
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| Dural Structures involved in dural strains | show 🗑
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| show | Connects middle ear/ mastoid air cells with nasopharynx. Begin horizontal and end more vertical.
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