BIO201 - Ch 12 - Central Nervous System - Marieb/Hoehn - Rio Salado - AZ
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| show | Elaboration ofthe rostral (anterior) portion of CNS
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| show | Neural Tube
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| The brain forms __ & spinal cord develops from __ portion of neural tube. | show 🗑
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| 3 primary brain vesicles | show 🗑
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| Encephalo | show 🗑
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| show | Primary vesicles divide into 5 secondary vesicles
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| show | Telencephalon which sprouts 2 latteral swellings @ 5 wks.
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| show | outer layer of brain consisting of neuron cell bodies.
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| Hollow ventricular chambers are filled w/__ & lined with __. | show 🗑
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| show | Foramen of Monro - channel that allows communication between lateral ventricles & 3rd ventricle.
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| show | Canal-like structure linking 3rd & 4th ventricle.
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| The 4th ventricle is continuous w/__. | show 🗑
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| show | The subarachnoid space - fluid-filled space surrounding brain.
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| show | Gyri, sulci, fissures.
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| Longitudinal fissure | show 🗑
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| show | Separates cerebral hemispheres from cerebellum.
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| Name the 5 lobes of each hemisphere. | show 🗑
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| show | Anterior cranial fossa
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| show | Cerebral Cortex
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| show | Neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glia & blood vessels, but NO FIBER TRACTS.
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| show | Domains
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| show | Motor, sensory, & association
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| show | Interneurons
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| show | Central Sulcus
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| Primary motor corex located where? | show 🗑
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| show | Lg. neurons that allow us to consciously control voluntary movements of skeletal muscles - long axons.
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| The entire body is represented spatially in the __. | show 🗑
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| show | Mapping of body in CNS structures (motor homunculus).
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| show | Controls learned motor skills - repetitious-memory bank for skilled motor activities.
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| Broca's Area | show 🗑
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| Frontal eye field | show 🗑
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| show | resides in postcentral gyrus of parietal lobe - re. info from somatic sensors - spacial discrimination.
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| Spacial discrimination | show 🗑
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| show | Integrates sensory inputs relayed to it by primary somatosensory cortex & associates it to produce understanding.
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| Primary visual (striate) cortex | show 🗑
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| Visual association area | show 🗑
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| Primary auditory cortex | show 🗑
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| show | "perceives" sound stimulus using sound memories.
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| Olfactory (smell) cortex | show 🗑
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| Gustatory (taste) cortex | show 🗑
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| Visceral sensory area | show 🗑
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| Vestibular (equilibrium) cortex | show 🗑
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| show | Where sensations, thoughts, & emotions become conscious & makes us what we are.
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| Multimodal association areas - 3 parts | show 🗑
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| Anterior association area | show 🗑
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| show | Prefrontal cortex
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| show | Large area - temporal, parietal, & occipital - recognized patterns, faces, etc. - Wernicke's area here - language.
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| show | Cingulate & parahippocampal gyrus, & hippocampus - emotional impact - danger - memories.
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| Lateralization | show 🗑
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| Left hemisphere | show 🗑
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| show | Visual-spatial skills, intuition, emotion, creativity.
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| show | Responsible for communication between cerebral areas & cortex & lower CNS centers. Myelinated fibers bundled into large tracts.
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| Fibers & tracts have 3 classification directions. | show 🗑
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| Commissures | show 🗑
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| Corpus Callosum | show 🗑
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| show | Connect different parts of same hemisphere.
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| Projection Fibers | show 🗑
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| Internal Capsule | show 🗑
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| show | Regulate attention & cognition - Caudate nucleus, putamon, & globus pallidus - collection of nerve bodies in CNS
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| Where does Parkenson's hit? | show 🗑
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| show | Central core of forebrain - thalamus, hypothalamus, & epithalamus.
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| Thalamus | show 🗑
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| What is known as the "gateway to the cerebral cortex?" | show 🗑
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| Pons | show 🗑
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| Midbrain | show 🗑
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| show | Most highly developed region - includes cerebrum, olfactory bulbs, thalamus, & hypothalamus.
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| Cerebrum | show 🗑
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| Hypothalamus | show 🗑
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| show | Pineal gland here - regulates sleep-wake cycle.
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| Brain Stem | show 🗑
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| Cerebral peduncles | show 🗑
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| show | Vagus
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| show | Cerebellum
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| __ is major coordinating center for sensory signal. | show 🗑
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| show | Sensory relay switchboard - coordinates sensory imput & relays signals to cerebrum.
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| Hypothalamus | show 🗑
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| Reticular Formation | show 🗑
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| Limbic System | show 🗑
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| Cerebellum | show 🗑
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| show | Hindbrain, midbrain & forebrain.
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| show | Medulla oblongata, cerebellum, & pons - relfex center for respiration, blood circ., coughing.
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| Superior Colliculi | show 🗑
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| show | Auditory relay to sensory cortex - startle reflex
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| show | High content of melanin - dopamine released here.
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| show | Inferior part of brain stem - autonomic reflex center - cardiac, respiratory, vomiting, swallowing, sneezing, etc.
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| Cerebellar hemispheres connected medially by __. | show 🗑
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| Anterior & posterior lobes of cerebellum __. | show 🗑
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| show | Ipsilateral - from & to same side of body
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| show | direct
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| show | Muscle tone & clumsy, unsure movements.
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| Limbic System | show 🗑
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| show | Loosely clustered neurons - extend length of brain stem - maintains alert wakefulness, muscle coordination - RAS
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| Reticular Activating System (RAS) | show 🗑
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| show | 8-13 Hz
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| show | 14-30 Hz
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| Theta Waves | show 🗑
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| show | 4hz or less - During sleep & anesthesia - indicate brain damage when awake.
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| show | Petit Mal - mild seizures - face goes blank.
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| Tonic-clonic seizures | show 🗑
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| Vagus Nerve Stimulator | show 🗑
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| show | Fainting or syncope.
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| In coma oxygen use is always __ normal. | show 🗑
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| __ activity is depressed during sleep, but not __ functions. | show 🗑
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| show | Greater
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| Most nighmares & night terrors occur during __. | show 🗑
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| show | RAS
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| show | Unconsciousness
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| show | Midbrain reticular formation
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| show | Forms a loose brain covering.
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| Pia Mater | show 🗑
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| show | 97% - by floating it.
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| CFS (cerebrospinal fluid) formed from __. | show 🗑
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| show | Accumulating CSF fluid on brain - must be shunted off.
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| show | Tight junctions between capillary endothelial cells thatmake them the least permeable capillaries in body.
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| show | Ricocheting effect as brain hits skull in accident.
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| The blood-brain barrier is ineffective against __. | show 🗑
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| Severe brain stem contusions always cause __. | show 🗑
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| show | Strokes
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| show | Deprivation of blood supply to a tissue.
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| Hemiplegia | show 🗑
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| show | Dissolves blood clots in the brain.
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| show | Hyperkinetic manifestation due to too much dopamine.
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| show | Caudal portion.
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| Alar plate neuroblasts become __. | show 🗑
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| show | Motor neurons (ventral)
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| Dorsal root ganglia contain __. | show 🗑
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| show | L1 & L2
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| Conus Medullaris | show 🗑
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| show | Anchors spinal cord to coccyx.
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| Why does spinal cord enlarge in cervical & lumbar areas? | show 🗑
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| __ pairs of spinal nerves attach to cord by paired roots. | show 🗑
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| Each nerve exits from column via the __. | show 🗑
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| show | Anterior median fissue & posterior median sulcus.
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| show | Core, outside
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| show | Cross-bar of gray matter connecting internal gray masses of spinal canal - encloses central canal.
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| show | Thoracic & superior lumbar segments of cord - autonomic.
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| show | Multipolar
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| show | Interneurons
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| show | Somatic motor neurons.
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| show | Dorsal roots of spinal cord.
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| show | Cell body in ganglion-conduct impulses from skin to spinal cord or brain stem & synapse w/2nd order.
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| Second-order Neurons | show 🗑
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| show | Cell body in thalamus-conduct to somatosensory cortex of cerebrum.
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| show | Lou Gehrig's disease - destruction of ventral horn motor neurons & pyramidal tract.
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| show | 4
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| show | Broca's & Wernicke's area.
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| show | Persistant increase in synaptic strength.
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| From external to internal, the meninges are: | show 🗑
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| show | "Tough Mother" - strongest meninx - surrounds brain.
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| show | Sensory neurons, interneurons, & motor neurons.
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| show | Collect & relay info about stimuli to spinal cord & brain.
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| show | In the spinal cord & brain - receive & process sensory input & send signals to other neurons.
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| Motor neurons | show 🗑
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