Chapter 2 (1st Exam)
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Matter | show 🗑
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| show | Amount of material in matter; physical property that determines the weight of an object in Earth’s gravitational field
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| Atom | show 🗑
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| show | Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
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| Protons | show 🗑
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| show | Electrically neutral
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| Electrons | show 🗑
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| What is an atom's mass determined by? | show 🗑
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| Atoms normally contain equal what? | show 🗑
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| show | Number of protons in an atom
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| show | Pure substance composed of atoms of only one kind
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| Isotopes | show 🗑
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| Mass Number | show 🗑
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| show | Isotopes with unstable nuclei that spontaneously break down and emit subatomic particles of radiation in measurable amounts.
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| show | Breakdown process of radioisotopes
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| Half-Life | show 🗑
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| show | Actual mass of an atom; expressed in atomic mass unit
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| Mole | show 🗑
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| show | 2
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| How many electrons can the 2nd and 3rd energy levels hold each? | show 🗑
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| show | Outermost energy level forming the surface of the atom
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| show | Unstable and react with other atoms
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| Inert Elements don’t... | show 🗑
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| show | Hold participating atoms together once the reaction has ended
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| show | Any chemical structure consisting of atoms held together by covalent bonds
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| show | Pure chemical substances made up of atoms of two or more different elements, regardless of the type of bond joining them
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| show | Molecules and Compounds
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| Ions | show 🗑
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| show | By losing or gaining electrons
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| Cations | show 🗑
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| Anions | show 🗑
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| show | Chemical bonds created by the electrical attraction between anions and cations
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| Electron Donor | show 🗑
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| Electron Acceptor | show 🗑
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| Covalent Bond | show 🗑
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| Nonpolar Covalent Bonds | show 🗑
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| Polar Covalent Bonds | show 🗑
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| show | An ion or molecule that contains unpaired electrons in its outermost energy levels
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| show | Act as a barrier that keeps small objects from entering the water
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| show | Liquid, Gas, and Solid
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| Liquid | show 🗑
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| Solid | show 🗑
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| Gas | show 🗑
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| Molecular Weight | show 🗑
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| Metabolism | show 🗑
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| Work | show 🗑
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| show | Capacity to perform work; cannot be destroyed only converted
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| Kinetic Energy | show 🗑
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| Potential Energy | show 🗑
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| show | Decomposition reaction, synthesis reaction, and exchange reaction
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| show | Breaks down the molecule into smaller fragments
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| What is (AB⟶ A+B) an example of? | show 🗑
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| show | one of the bonds in a complex Molecule is broken and the components of a water molecule are added to the resulting fragments
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| show | The decomposition of complex molecules within the body’s cells and tissues
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| show | The opposite of decomposition, assembles smaller molecules into larger molecules
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| What is A + B⟶AB an example of? | show 🗑
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| show | The formation of a complex molecule by the removal of a water molecule
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| Anabolism | show 🗑
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| show | Parts of the reacting molecules are shuffled around to produce new products
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| Activation Energy | show 🗑
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| Enzymes | show 🗑
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| Exergonic | show 🗑
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| Endergonic | show 🗑
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| Nutrients | show 🗑
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| show | All the molecules that can be synthesized or broken down by chemical
reactions inside our bodies
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| Inorganic | show 🗑
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| show | Carbon dioxide, oxygen, water, and inorganic acids, bases, and salts
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| Organic | show 🗑
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| Most important organic compounds in the body? | show 🗑
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| show | Solubility, reactivity, high heat capacity, lubrication
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| Ionization | show 🗑
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| Electrolytes | show 🗑
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| Hydrophilic Compounds | show 🗑
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| show | Molecules that do not interact readily with water molecules
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| show | Solution containing dispersed proteins and other large molecules; particles remain in solution indefinitely
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| show | Contains large particles in solution; if undisturbed, these particles will settle out of solution due to the force of gravity
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| More ions means ____ pH, less ions means _____ pH | show 🗑
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| show | 0-14
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| Neutral | show 🗑
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| Acidic | show 🗑
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| show | pH above 7
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| show | 7.35-7.45
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| show | 1
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| Acid | show 🗑
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| Base | show 🗑
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| show | An ionic compound containing any cation except a hydrogen ion, and any anion except a hydroxide ion.
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| show | Compounds that stabilize the pH of a solution by removing or replacing hydrogen ions
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| show | An organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio
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| show | Simple sugar; contains 3 to 7 carbon atoms
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| Name 2 Monosaccharides | show 🗑
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| Disaccharides | show 🗑
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| Name a disaccharides | show 🗑
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| Polysaccharides | show 🗑
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| show | Cellulose and Glycogen
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| Lipid | show 🗑
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| Five classes of lipids | show 🗑
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| Fatty Acids | show 🗑
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| show | Lipids derived from arachidonic acid, a fatty acid that must be absorbed in the diet because it cannot be synthesized by the body
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| show | leukotrienes and prostaglandins
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| show | Individual fatty acids that can be attached to a modified simple sugar, glycerol
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| Triglycerides (glycerol + three fatty acids) have three functions | show 🗑
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| Steroid | show 🗑
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| show | Chains of amino acids; most abundant organic compounds
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| Essential functions of proteins | show 🗑
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| Amino Acid | show 🗑
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| A typical protein has ____ amino acids | show 🗑
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| show | A central carbon atom
A hydrogen atom
An amino group
A carboxyl group
An R Group
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| Peptide Bond | show 🗑
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| show | Molecules consisting of amino acids held together by a peptide bond
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| 4 levels of structural complexity | show 🗑
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| 2 general structural classes on the basis of their overall shape and properties | show 🗑
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| show | Form extended sheets or strands; usually the product of secondary structure
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| show | Compact, generally rounded; product of its tertiary structure
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| show | Specificity
Saturation Limits
Regulation
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| Cofactor | show 🗑
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| Nucleic Acids | show 🗑
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| 2 classes of nucleic acid molecules | show 🗑
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| Nucleotides | show 🗑
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| show | Pentose
Phosphate group
Nitrogenous base
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| 5 nitrogenous bases exist in nucleic acids | show 🗑
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| show | Adenine, guanine, and cytosine
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| RNA has this nitrogenouse base | show 🗑
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| show | Thymine
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