Anterior & Medial Thigh
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| What is the angle of inclination? | show 🗑
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| How does the angle of inclination change with age? | show 🗑
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| What is the average adult angle of inclination? What are the differences between a male and female angle of inclination? | show 🗑
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| show | Coxa vara which shortens the lower limb and limits abduction of the hip
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| show | Coxa valga which lengthens the lower limb
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| show | Angle between the axis of the femoral neck and the transverse axis that passes through the femoral epicondyles
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| show | 12 to 14 degrees
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| What is an increase in the angle of torsion that leads to a "toeing in" gait? | show 🗑
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| What is a decrease in the angle of torsion that leads to a "toeing out" gait? | show 🗑
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| What is the large sesamoid bone within tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle? | show 🗑
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| What is the function of the patella? | show 🗑
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| What is the medial bone of the leg whose shaft flares out superiorly into medial and lateral condyles? | show 🗑
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| What characteristic is seen at the proximal end of the anterior border of the tibia? | show 🗑
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| What is the thin, lateral bone of the leg that has a knob-like head that is surmounted by an apex? | show 🗑
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| In general, what is the action of the anterior muscle group of thigh muscles at the hip and knee? What is the innervation? | show 🗑
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| show | Posterior group of thigh muscles contain extensors of the hip and flexors of the knee and is innervated by the tibial portion of the sciatic nerve
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| What forms the medial muscle group? What is the innervation? | show 🗑
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| What type of functions are associated with muscles in the gluteal region? | show 🗑
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| show | Attaches to the base and medial and lateral borders of the patella
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| show | Expand over the sides of the knee capsule as the medial and lateral patellar retinacula that insert into the proximal tibia
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| What is the extremely strong, flat connective tissue structure that is the continuation of the quadriceps tendon to the tibial tuberosity from the inferior border of the patella | show 🗑
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| Rectus femoris is a subdivision of quadriceps femoris. What are the attachments of rectus femoris? | show 🗑
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| show | Since it arises above the hip joint, it also flexes the hip, besides extending the knee
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| Vastus lateralis is a subdivision of quadriceps femoris. What are the attachments of the vastus lateralis? | show 🗑
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| show | From the lower portion of the intertrochanteric line, the medial lip of the linea aspera, and the medial intermuscular septum
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| What part of quadriceps femoris lies deepest? | show 🗑
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| Where does the vastus intermedius arise? | show 🗑
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| show | Articularis genu
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| show | Arises from distal, anterior surface of the femur and inserts into the suprapatellar bursa
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| show | Retracts suprapatellar bursa during knee extension, presumably to prevent entrapment of the bursa between the patella and femur
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| show | Rupture of quadriceps tendon is most common in people over 40 and patellar ligament rupture occurs more often in people under 40
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| When would an individual experience a rupture of the quadriceps tendon or a patellar ligament rupture? | show 🗑
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| show | Patella usually lies more inferiorly than normal in quadriceps tendon ruptures and more superiorly than normal in patellar ligament ruptures
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| What will a patient be unable to do with a quadriceps tendon/patellar ligament rupture? | show 🗑
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| show | Pectineus
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| What is the function of pectineus? | show 🗑
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| What is the muscle that is a combination of the distal parts of two muscles, the iliacus and the psoas major? | show 🗑
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| show | Converge in a strong tendon that passes posterior to the inguinal ligament and anterior to the hip joint capsule before attaching to the lesser trochanter
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| show | Strong flexor of the thigh
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| show | Sartorius
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| What are the attachments of sartorius? | show 🗑
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| What is the function of the sartorius? | show 🗑
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| show | Gracilis, semitendinosus, and sartorius
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| In general, where do all of the medial thigh muscles arise from? | show 🗑
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| What is the innervation of all of the medial thigh muscles? | show 🗑
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| In general, what is the primary action of most of the medialk thigh muscles? | show 🗑
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| show | Adductor longus, adductor brevis, and adductor magnus
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| What medial thigh muscle is the most anterior of the three adductor muscles and lies in the same plane and just medial to the pectineus? | show 🗑
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| show | Arises from the superior ramus of the pubis and inserts by wide tendon into the middle 1/3 of the medial lip of the linea aspera
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| show | Adducts the thigh and assists in its flexion
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| What medial thigh muscle lies deep to pectineus and adductor longus? | show 🗑
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| show | Originates from the body and inferior ramus of the pubis and it inserts into th elower 2/3's of the pectineal line and upper half of the medial lip of the linea aspera
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| show | Adducts thigh and weakly flexes it
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| show | Gracilis
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| show | Arises from inferior pubic ramus and inserts into uppermost portion of shaft of tibia as part of the pes anserinus
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| What is the function of the gracilis muscle? | show 🗑
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| show | Obturator externus
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| show | Arises from the external part of the superior and inferior pubic rami, ramus of ischium and the external surface of the obturator membrane and inserts into the trochanteric fossa after passing posterior to the capsule of the hip joint
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| What is the primary action of obturator internus? | show 🗑
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| What are the attachements of adductor magnus? | show 🗑
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| The adductor magnus is actually a combination of two muscles. Describe the adductor minimus component of adductor magnus. | show 🗑
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| The adductor magnus is actually a combination of two muscles. Describe the ischiocondylar portion of adductor magnus. | show 🗑
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| show | Powerful adductor of the thigh
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| What is the intermuscular space in the upper 1/3 of the anteromedial thigh that lies deep to the fascia lata? | show 🗑
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| What forms the roof of the femoral triangle? | show 🗑
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| What forms the floor of the femoral triangle? | show 🗑
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| show | Base is the inguinal ligament; lateral border is the sartorius and the medial border is the adductor longus
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| show | Femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, deep inguinal lymph nodes, and lymphatics
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| show | Femoral sheath
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| show | 3 to 4 centimeters distal to the inguinal ligament
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| Three compartments (lateral, intermediate, and medial) make up the femoral sheath. How are these compartments formed? | show 🗑
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| What is located in the lateral compartment of the femoral sheath? | show 🗑
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| show | Femoral vein
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| What is located in the medial compartment? | show 🗑
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| What is the femoral ring? | show 🗑
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| What are the boundaries (lateral, medial, posterior, and anterior) of the femoral ring? | show 🗑
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| What complications can result in the femoral ring area? Why do they develop here? | show 🗑
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| show | Females - because they tend to have a wider pelvis
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| What is a pseudoaneurysm? | show 🗑
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| What are the implications of a pseudoaneurysm? | show 🗑
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| show | Adductor canal
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| Describe the location and extent of the adductor canal. | show 🗑
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| show | Anterolateral: fasica of the vastus medialis; posteromedial: fascia of adductor longus and adductor magnus; anteromedial: deep layer of the fascial sheath of sartorious
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| show | Sartorius
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| show | Femoral artery and vein - artery is generally anterior to vein; saphenous nerve enters canal lateral to vessels, crosses them anteriorly, and lies medial to them at the lower end of the canal; and nerve to vastus medialis
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| What are the only structures that pass through the adductor hiatus? | show 🗑
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| show | Femoral, deep femoral, and popliteal veins
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| show | Predisposed to forming during vascular stasis, injury to vessel wall, or under hypercoagulability conditions
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| show | From the ventral rami L2, L3, and L4
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| show | Enters the thigh posterior to the inguinal ligament, deep to the iliac fascia, where it lies on the surface of the iliopsoas muscle, just lateral to femoral artery; then breaks up into a number of muscular and cutaneous branches
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| What does the muscular branches of the femoral nerve innervate? | show 🗑
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| What are the cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve? | show 🗑
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| What is the origin of the obturator nerve? | show 🗑
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| show | Passes through obturator canal into thigh and divides into an anterior and posterior branch
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| show | Anterior branch descends on surface of adductor brevis, deep to pectineus and adductor longus; posterior branch descends posterior to adductor brevis under deep fascia of adductor magnus
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| show | Adductor longus, gracilis, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, obturator externus, and sometimes pectineus
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| show | Part of sciatic nerve and has L4-S3 spinal cord segments represented within it
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| show | Leaves pelvis via greater sciatic foramen and passes inferior to piriformis muscle; descends between greater trochanter and ischial tuberosity along back of thigh
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| show | Hamstring muscles which includes ischiocondylar part of adductor magnus
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Cory67
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