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ClinAnatomy Pelvis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the false pelvis? | It is the upper area that is associated with the upper parts of the pelvic bones; part of the abdomen |
| What is the perineum? | The area below the pelvic floor to the skin that contains the external genitalia and the openings of the GU and GI tract |
| At what point does the male reproductive tract connect to the urinary tract? | The ejaculatory duct empties into the prostatic urethra |
| Name the 2 important ligaments of the pelvic wall. | Sacrospinous and Sacrotuberous |
| Name the muscle and the large nerve that go through the greater sciatic foramen. | Piriformis muscle and sciatic nerve |
| What bones makes up the pubic arch? | The 2 ischiopubic rami form the pubic arch. |
| What 2 structures make up the pelvic floor? | The pelvic diaphragm and the perineal membrane. |
| What muscles make up the pelvic diaphragm? | Levator ani and coccygeus |
| What portion of levator ani is important to maintain fecal continence? | puborectalis portion |
| The diamond of the perineum can be divided into 2 triangles. A horizontal line b/w what structures divides these 2 triangles? | A line b/w the ischial tuberosities. |
| The obturator canal is the pathway from the pelvic cavity to ______ | medial thigh (this will be important when we cover lower limb) |
| What important structures cross the ureters? A) in females B) in males | uterine artery and ductus deferens |
| What important structure can be palpated along the anterior rectal wall? | the prostate |
| What spinal cord segments innervate the perineum? | S3-S5 |
| What is the nerve to the perineum - sensory and motor? | pudendal nerve. it courses through greater sciatic and lesser sciatic foramina, crosses the ischial spine and runs along the lateral walls of the ischioanal fossa |
| What nerve is responsible for erection? | the parasympathetic innervation via the pelvic splanchnic nerves |
| what structure is in the midline of the perineum and plays a role in pelvic support as the muscles intersect here? | the perineal body; this may be cut while performing a midline episiotomy |
| What is the difference b/w the pelvic bones of a female vs a male? | less prominent ischial spines and sacral promontory. wider angle of the arch 80-85 degrees vs 50-60 degrees |
| What is the significance of the pectinate line of the anal canal? | Above this line has different blood, nervous and lymphatic supply. Visceral sensation above the line, somatic below. |
| What is the function of the ischioanal fossa? | it allows for expansion during defecation and childbirth |
| Where is the trigone of the urinary bladder located? | It is a smooth area formed by a triangle connecting ureteral and urethral openings |
| What is another name for the paraurethral glands of the female? | Skene's glands |
| What is another name for the vestibular glands of the female? | Bartholin's glands. |
| What are the 3 parts of the male urethra? | prostatic, membranous and spongy |
| What is the terminal portion of the ductus deferens called? | Ampulla |
| What joins the ductus deferens to form the ejaculatory duct? | The seminal vesicle |
| What is the clinical significance of the seminal colliculus of the prostate? | This elevation lets the surgeon know when they are within the prostatic urethra. |
| Why would one not wish to remove a testicular tumor through the scrotum? | Doing so may lead to spreading of cancer cells into a different lymphatic drainage pathway since the testes drain up higher in the abdomen into the aortic region of lymph nodes - not inguinal |
| What is a hydrocele? | Excessive fluid in the tunica vaginalis surround the testes. (remember the processus vaginalis- the outpouching of peritoneum that occurs when the gubernaculum is bringing to testes into the scrotum) |
| What is a varicocele and how is it described to feel when palpated? | varicose veins of the pampinoform plexus - feels like a bag of worms |
| What is the function of the bulbourethral glands? | Produce a small amt of alkaline secretion prior to ejaculation. |
| The narrowest portion of the uterine (fallopian) tube that connects to the uterus is the ------------- | isthmus |
| The portion of the uterine tube that has fimbriae is the ------- | infundibulum |
| Where does fertilization usually occur | The ampulla of the tube |
| What is the portion of the uterus that extends down into the vaginal canal? | the cervix |
| What is the lowest region of the pelvic cavity in an upright woman? | The rectouterine pouch (Pouch of Douglas) |
| The glans penis is a distal expansion of the ___________ | corpus spongiosum |
| What is the vestibule? | It is the area b/w the labia minora |
| Which is more anterior, the vaginal opening or the urethral? | urethral |
Created by:
Dr. Hall
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