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A ___ or ____ is the ___ where two or more bones ____
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Joints can be classified based on the amount of ___ allowed by the joint. This is called a ___ classification
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Anatomy: Joints
Joints Section of Lab Practical
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A ___ or ____ is the ___ where two or more bones ____ | joint, articulation, site, meet |
| Joints can be classified based on the amount of ___ allowed by the joint. This is called a ___ classification | movement, functional |
| Type of joint, degree of movement: Synarthroses | Immovable |
| Type of joint, degree of movement: Amphiarthroses | Slightly moveable |
| Type of joint, degree of movement: Diarthroses | Freely moveable |
| Joints can also be classified based on the ___ binding bones together and whether or not a joint cavity is present. This is called ___ classification and has 3 types of joints: ___, ___, and ___ joints | material, structural, fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial |
| ___ are rigid, interlocking joints containing short connective tissue fibers. They find them mainly in the ___. | sutures, skull |
| Slipping movements only | Nonaxial joints |
| Movement in one plane | Uniaxial joints |
| Movement in two planes | Biaxial joints |
| Movement in or around all 3 planes | Multiaxial joints |
| Angular movement that decreases the angle of the joint | flexion |
| Angular movement towards the midline | adduction |
| Angular movement: flexion+abduction+extension+adduction of a limb so as to describe a cone | circumduction |
| Angular movement that increases angle of joint: | extension |
| Angular Movement away from the midline: | abduction |
| Angular movement: excessive extension beyond normal range of motion: | hyperextension |
| There are __ types of synovial joints based on the shape of the articular surfaces of the joint-forming bones: | 6 |
| 1/6: ___ or ___ joints have flat articular surfaces. They are ___ joints that allow for short ___ or ___ movements only | Plane, sliding, nonaxial, gliding, sliding |
| 2/6: ___ joints allow flexion and ___ only, which makes them ___ joints | Hinge, extension, uniaxial |
| 3/6: ___ joints are ___ joints too. They are created by the ___ end of one bone being surrounded by a sleeve or ring of another bone | Pivot, uniaxial, round |
| If the articular surfaces of all joint-forming are oval, the joint is a _____ or ____ joint. It is a ___ joint that permits all ___ movements. | condyloid, ellipsoidal, biaxial, angular |
| 5/6: In ___ joints both articular surfaces have ___ and ___ areas, giving the ___ joint a ___ freedom of movement than a condyloid joint. | saddle, concave, convex, biaxial, greater |
| 6/6: The most freely moveable joints are ____ joints. They permit motion in 3 planes making them ____ joints. The only examples in the human body are the ___ and ____ joints. | ball and socket, multiaxial, shoulder, hip |
| The ___ joint is the largest and most complex joint in the body, because it consists of __ joints that are surrounded by a single ____. It is a modified ___ joint that allows for ____, ___, and a small degree of ____ when the knee is ___. | knee, 3, joint cavity, hinge, flexion, extension, rotation, flexed |
| The _____ joint is a ___ joint between the ____ surface on the posterior aspect of the ____ and the distal end of the ____. | Femoropatellar, plane, articular, patella, femur |
| The ____ & _____ joints connect the lateral & medial ___ with the articular surfaces of the ____ of the ___. Because the ____ articular surfaces are shallow & small there are two ____ on either side that increase articular surface/absorb mechanical stress | lateral, medial tibiofemoral, condyles, head, tibia, menisci |
| The joint ___ is thin, but reinforced by muscle tendons. There are atleast __ associated ___around the knee joint. | Capsule, 12, bursae |
| The ____ tendon gives rise to 3 structures: The _____, which runs from the ___ of the ___ down to the ____ of the ___. The ___ and _____ blend into the capsule and insert into the ___ tibia. | quadriceps, patellar ligament, apex, patella, tuberosity, tibia, lateral, medial patellar retinacula, proximal |
| The knee joint is the only joint with all 3 types of ligaments. The ___ or ___ ligament (LCL) is the outer extracapsular ligament, the ___ or ___ ligament (MCL) is the inner extracapsular ligament | lateral, fibular collateral, medial, tibial collateral |
| Because the MCL has fibers that insert into the ___ meniscus, MCL injuries often involve damage to the ___ meniscus as well. | medial, medial |
| The intracapsular ligaments are called ___ ligaments, because they cross eachother's path when looked at from the front. Although they are inside the capsule they are ___ cavity. | cruciate, outside |
| The ____ ligament (ACL) stretches from the anterior _____ of the ___ to the ___ side of the ___ condyle of the ____. Its job is to prevent ___ sliding of the ___ against the ___ and ___ of the knee joint. | anterior, intercondylar area, tibia, medial, lateral, femur, forward, tibia, femur, hyperextension |
| The ___ ligament is stronger, which is 1 reason there are fewer PCL injuries. It stretches from the posterior ____ of the ___ to the ___ side of the ___ condyle of the ____. Its job is to prevent ___ sliding of the ___ or ___ sliding of the ___ | posterior cruciate, intercondylar area, tibia, lateral, medial, femur, backward, tibia, forward, femur |
| The ___ joint is also called the ___ joint because its a ___ joint formed by the ___ of the ___ and the ____ of the ____. Its a _____ joint with an enormous range of ___ | shoulder, glenohumeral,ball and socket, head, humerus, glenoid fossa, scapula, multiaxial, motion |
| Shoulder great mobility also means less ____ and thus the shoulder joint is the second most easily dislocated joint behind the ____ joint. | stability, temporomandibular joint |
| There are reinforcing ligaments, like the ___ ligament between ___ process of the ___ and the proximal ___, and the 3 ___ ligaments that strengthen the front of the capsule. Still, the major stabilizers are __ muscle tendons. | coracohumeral ligament, coracoid, scapula, humerus, glenohumeral, 5 |
| The tendon of the ___ head of the ___muscle runs from the ___ margin of the ___cavity over the head of the ___ and then through the ___ groove. The other 4 tendons form the ___ that encircles the joint. Theyre tendons of the ___, ___, ___, & ___ muscles. | long, humerus, superior, glenoid, humerus, intertubercular, rotator cuff, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis |
| Elbow joint is formed by 3 bones: __, __, & __. Its a strong __ joint thats formed mainly by the ___ of the __ & the ___ of the ___. The radius doesnt contribute much to the joint, but its ___ rotates within the __ ligament during ___ & ___ of the forearm | radius, ulna, humerus, hinge, trochlear notch, ulna, trochlea, humerus, head, annular, pronation, supination |
| Two collateral ligaments, the __ and ___ collateral ligament reinforce the capsule and restrict side to side movement. The joint is also stabilized by tendons, such as the ___ and ___ tendons that cross the joint. | ulnar, radial, biceps, triceps |
| The ___ or ___ joint is the other multiaxial ball and socket joint. | hip, coxal |
| Unlike the shoulder joint, which is unstable, the hip joint rarely dislocates due to its deep socket (___) thats enhanced by a circular ___ ring called ____ and the strength of the reinforcing ligaments (___, ___, ___ ligament). | acetabulum, fibrocartilage, acetabular labrum, iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral |
| The 4th ligament, the ____, runs from the lower lip of the acetabulum to the center of the __ of the ___. Its not a strong ligament but carries an artery thats important for blood supply to the head | ligamentum teres, acetabulum, head, femur |
| The only freely movable joint in the skull is the ____ or ___ joint. It connects the ___ with the inferior surface of the temporal bone. The joint caivty is subdivided by an ___ disk, which turns the TMJ into a joint with 2 types of movement | temporomandibular, jaw, mandibular condyle, temporal, articular |
| Types of jaw movement: ____ and ___ of the mandible (___ joint) ____ i.e side to side grinding movement | depression, elevation, hinge, lateral excursion |
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