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Anatomy Q3
Blood
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| pH of blood | 7.35-7.45 |
| viscosity of blood | 3.3 - 5.5 |
| temperature of blood | 100.4*F |
| viscosity of water | 1.0 |
| blood volume in males | 5-6 liters |
| blood volume in women | 4-5 liters |
| functions of blood | carries respiratory gases, nutrients, & hormones helps body regulate temperature |
| formed elements (cellular components) of blood | blood cells |
| fluid portion (liquid component) of blood | plasma |
| what type of tissue is blood? | connective |
| plasma is __% water | 90 |
| protein found in plasma that controls osmotic pressure of the circulatory system | albumin |
| protein found in plasma that transports antibodies (immunoglobulins) | globulin |
| blood clotting element in plasma | fibrinogen |
| red pigment | heme |
| oxygen-forming blood cells | red blood cells |
| most numerous blood cells | red blood cells |
| size of red blood cells | 7.5 um in diameter |
| number of red blood cells in females | 4.3-5.2 million per cubic millimeter |
| number of red blood cells in males | 5.2-5.8 million per cubic millimeter |
| blood cell formation in red bone marrow | hematopoiesis |
| oxygen-carrying protein | hemooglobin |
| lifespan of a red blood cell | 100-120 days |
| origin of red blood cells | bone marrow |
| shape of red blood cells | biconcave |
| blood cells that protect the body from infectious microorganisms | white blood cells/leukocytes |
| where do leukocytes function? | outside the bloodstream in loose connective tissue |
| circulating leukocytes leave the capillaries | diapedesis |
| two types of leukocytes | granulocytes & agranulocytes |
| 3 types of granulocytes | neutrophils, eosinophils & basophils |
| 2 types of agranulocytes | lymphocytes & monocytes |
| most numerous white blood cells | neutrophils |
| white blood cells that phagocytize & destroy bacteria | neutrophils |
| white blood cells that play a role in ending allergic reactions & parasitic infections | eosinophils |
| granulocyte that composes 1-4% of all white blood cells | eosinophils |
| granulocytes that secretes histamines, makes heparin & functions in inflammation mediation | basophils |
| least numerous white blood cells (0.5%) | basophils |
| the most important cells of the immune system | lymphocytes |
| white blood cells that act against a specific foreign molecule (antigen) & fight infectious organisms | lymphocytes |
| lymphocytes that attack foreign cells directly | T cells (T lymphocytes) |
| lymphocytes that multiply to become plasma cells & secrete antibodies | B cells (B lymphocytes) |
| agranulocytes that compose 20-45% of white blood cells | lymphocytes |
| the largest leukocytes | monocytes |
| agranulocytes that compose 4-8% of white blood cells | monocytes |
| leukocytes that transform into macrophages (phagocytic cells) & eat invaders | monocytes |
| another name for "platelets" | thrombocytes |
| cell fragments found in blood | platelets |
| function of platelets | blood clotting |
| thromboplastin & calcium ions combine & convert ________ into ________ | prothrombin; thrombin |
| thrombin helps convert ________ into _____________ | fibrinogen; fibrin strands |
| What is the key to blood clotting? | thrombin |
| ___________ entangle blood cells in their network to stop blood escaping | fibrin strands |
| prevents conversion of prothrombin to thrombin | antiprothrombin (heparin) |
| What does antiprothrombin form to prevent clotting? | antithrombin |
| What is the key to anti-clotting? | heparin |
| How many new blood cells are formed each day? | 100 billion |
| locations of red bone marrow | epiphyses, girdles & axial skeleton |
| site of hemopoiesis | red bone marrow |
| location of yellow bone marrow | long bones of adults |
| dormant bone marrow that contains many fat cells | yellow bone marrow |
| stem cells that give rise to lymphocytes | lymphoid stem cells |
| stem cells that give rise to all blood cells other than lymphocytes | myeloid stem cells |
| T/F All blood cells originate in bone marrow | true |
| T/F All blood cells originate from blood stem cells | true |
| a substance that can activate the immune system to make certain responses, including the production of antibodies | antigen |
| a substance made by the body in response to stimulation by an antigen | antibody |
| the sticking-together of antigens in little clusters | agglutinatation |
| prevalence of blood Type A | 42% |
| prevalence of blood Type B | 10% |
| prevalence of blood Type AB | 6% |
| prevalence of blood Type O | 42% |
| blood type that the RBCs contain type A antigen & the plasma anti-B antibodies | Type A |
| blood type that the RBCs contain type B antigen & the plasma contains anti-A antibodies | Type B |
| blood type that the RBCs contain both type A & B antigens & the plasma contains neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies | Type AB |
| blood type that contains neither type A nor B antigens & the plasma contains both anti-A & anti-B antibodies | Type O |
| universal donor (blood) | O negative |
| universal recipient (blood) | AB positive |
| about __% of the general population are Rh-positive | 82% |
| The term Rh is used because this important blood cell antigen was first discovered in the blood of _________ | Rhesus monkeys |
| another name for "red blood cells" | erythrocytes |
| function of red blood cells | transport oxygen & carbon dioxide |
| number of RBCs in a cubic millimeter of blood | 4-6 million |
| number of WBCs in a cubic millimeter of blood | 4,800-11,000 |
| function of neutrophils | destroy bacteria by phagocytosis |
| number of neutrophils in a cubic millimeter of blood | 3,000-7,000 |
| function of eosinophils | turn off allergic responses & kill parasites |
| number of eosinophils in a cubic millimeter of blood | 100-400 |
| function of basophils | release histamine & other mediators of inflammation |
| number of basophils in a cubic millimeter of blood | 20-50 |
| function of lymphocytes | mount immune system response by directly attacking cells (T cells) or via antibodies (B cells) |
| number of lymphocytes in a cubic millimeter of blood | 1,500-3,000 |
| function of monocytes | phagocytosis; develop into macrophages in tissues |
| number of monocytes in a cubic millimeter of blood | 100-700 |
| function of platelets | seal small tears in blood vessels; blood clotting |
| number of platelets in a cubic millimeter of blood | 150,000-500,000 |
Created by:
leahmurphy
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