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Anatomical Terms
Anatomical Terminology from Lab Manual
Term | Definition | Examples |
---|---|---|
Anatomical position | 1-body erect; 2-face forward; 3-upper lims at the side of the body; 4-palms forward; 5-lower limbs parallel; 6-feet pointed forward | |
Divisions of Anatomy | 1-gross:macroscopic; 2-microscopic; 3-developmental (study of individual from conception to death) | |
Different wasy of studying gross anatomy | regional, systemic, surface | |
microscopic | cytology (cells), histology (tissues) | |
developmental | intrauterine (embryonic-1st 2 months gestation and fetal-3rd to 9 months) and extrauterine (birth (parturition) to death | |
Body planes & sections | median, saggital, frontal, horizontal | |
median plane | divides the body into equal right & left halves | |
saggital plane | vertical planes parallel to the median plane | |
frontal plane | vertical plane dividing the body intor anterior and posterior parts | |
horizontal plane (transaxial) | divides the body into superior and inferior parts | |
regional terms | axial and appendicular | |
axial | head, neck, trunk (thorax, abdomen, pelvis) | |
appendicular | upper and lower limb plus pectoral girdle (clavicle and scapula) and pelvic girdle (os coxae-hip bone) | |
superior | toward the head | the heart is superior to the liver |
inferior | toward the feet | the stomach is inferior to the lungs |
anterior | toward the front of the body | the sternum is anterior to the heart |
posterior | toward the back of the body | the esophagus is posterior to the trachea |
medial | toward the median plane | the ulna is medial to the radius |
lateral | further from the medial plane | the lungs are lateral to the heart |
proximal | nearer the trunk or point of origin | the humerus is proximal to the radius |
distal | away from the trunk or point of origin | the phalanges are distal to the carpals |
superficial | near the surface | the ribs are superficial to the lungs |
deep | away from the surface (profundus) | the ribs are deep to the skin of the chest and back |
dorsum | back of hand or superior surface of foot | |
palmar | anterior surface of hand | |
plantar | sole of the foot | |
ipsilateral | on the same side | |
contralateral | on the opposite side |